Autonomic Nervous System Basics

Sympathetic Neurons

Parasympathetic Neurons

Preganglionic, postganglionic

A = ? neuron

B = ? neuron

Autonomic, peripheral, unconscious

The __ NS is a division of the __ (central/peripheral) nervous system: mediating __ actions

• cardiac output, blood flow, digestion, etc

Thoracolumbar, short, long, craniosacral, long, short

The sympathetic ANS is associated with the __ division of the spine

• Preganglionic neurons are __ post-ganglionic neurons are __ (short vs long)

The parasympathetic ANS is associated with the __ division of the spine

• Preganglionic neurons are __, post-ganglionic neurons are __ (short vs long)

ACh, Norepinephrine (NE)

Neurotransmitters related to the Paras ANS are __

Neurotransmitters related to the Symp ANS are mainly __, also epinephrine, ACh, and DA

Nicotinic, iono, muscarinic, metabo

Receptors linked to the Parasympathetic ANS are __ that are __tropic and __ that are __tropic

(2)

Alpha, metabo, beta, metabo, nicotinic (nACh), iono, muscarinic (M), metabo

Receptors linked to the Sympathetic ANS are __ that are __tropic, __ that are __tropic, __ that are __tropic, and __ that are __tropic

(4)

Parasympathetic

Para vs symp

Sympathetic

Para vs sym

Dilation, constriction, secretions

Sympathetic component to trachea and bronchioles is __

Parasympathetic component to trachea and bronchioles is __ with increased __

Nicotinic AChRs

A common similarity of the PANS and SANS is ALL ganglia in both have __ __ (receptors)

Cell body of pre-ganglionic neuron in the spinal cord

Axon of the pre-ganglionic neuron

Synaptic terminal of pre-ganglionic neuron

Cell body of post-ganglionic neuron in ganglia

Synaptic terminal of post-ganglionic neuron

Effector cell with receptors or neurotransmitter released from post-ganglionic neuron

Enzyme in the neuroeffector junction

Ionotropic, metabotropic

Voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels are __, (fast)

G-protein coupled receptors are __, (slower)

Muscarinic Rs

Contract smooth muscle, M2 regulates cardiac function (receptor type- muscarinic or nicotinic or B/A)

Nicotinic Rs

Mediate neurotransmission in ALL ganglia, including adrenal medulla (receptor type- muscarinic or nicotinic or B/A)

Alpha1 Rs

Stimulate contraction of all smooth muscle, constrict sphincters, vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle (norepinephrine receptor type)

Alpha2 Rs

Feedback inhibition of norepinephrine release, inhibit secretion (norepinephrine receptor type)

Beta1 Rs

Regulate cardiac function and renin release (norepinephrine receptor type)

Beta2 Rs

Relax all smooth muscle (vasodilation, bronchodilation), increase contractility in heart, and regulate metabolic functions (norepinephrine receptor type)

Agonist, Antagonist

An __ is a drug that binds to and alters activity of receptor, mimics endogenous ligand

An __ is a drug that binds to receptor and prevents activation of receptor, inhibitors/blockers

Detrusor, relaxed, contracted

The __ muscle of the bladder is

__ (contracted/relaxed) by sympathetic with filling bladder - via Beta-2 R

__ (contracted/relaxed) by parasympathetic when emptying bladder - via M R

Internal, contracted, relaxed

The __ sphincter of the bladder is

__ (contracted/relaxed) by sympathetic with filling bladder - via Alpha-1 R

__ (contracted/relaxed) by parasympathetic when emptying bladder - via M R

External sphincter

Contracted voluntarily with filling bladder, relaxed voluntarily when emptying bladder

Baroreceptor reflex, tachycardia

Reciprocal functions of ANS on heart rate work synergistically via __ __

• Drop in BP —> Increase SANS activity, decrease PANS

  • results in vasoconstriction + reflex __ (vital sign)

M2, Beta1, NE, ACh

Baroreceptor changes in ANS receptors If BP drops

• Downregulate __ _ receptors of heart of PANS

• Upregulate __ _ receptors of heart of SANS

  • Net increase of __ over __ (neurotransmitters)

Choline, acetate

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that catalyzes ACh hydrolysis into __ and __

Axonal, synaptic, ACh, end organ

• Cholinergic neurotransmission

  • (1) __ conduction

  • (2) __ transmission - Synthesis of ACh, storage, release, destruction

  • (3) __ signaling

  • (4) __ __ effects

Reuptake of NE, catecholamines

Major mechanism of signal termination for adrenergic is the __ (action) of __ (neurot) into the nerve terminal

After this step, __ (neurot class) are stored in vesicles by vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)

Cocaine, reserpine

__ inhibits NE transporter and __ inhibits VMAT in adrenergic signal termination (drugs)

Axonal, synaptic, post, end organ

• Adrenergic neurotransmission

  • (1) __ conduction

  • (2) __ transmission - Synthesis of catecholamines, storage, release, reuptake

  • (3) __synaptic signaling

  • (4) __ __ effects

Cholinergic agonists

Drugs mimicking ACh (aka parasympathomimetic agents)

• AChR agonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Cholinergic antagonists

On AChr (aka parasympatholytic agents)

Sympathomimetics (Adrenergic agonists)

Drugs that mimic or enhance alpha/beta R stimulation

• Agonists, enhance catecholamine release, block reuptake

Adrenergic antagonists

Alpha/beta R blocking drugs (aka sympatholytic agents)