Public Health Nursing & Community Health Lecture Review

These flashcards cover major concepts, definitions, processes, laws, calculations, and nursing practices presented across the lecture notes, enabling comprehensive review for examination preparation.

According to Charles Edward Winslow, what is the purpose of Public Health Nursing?

To promote health, prevent disease, and prolong life.

What are the two primary goals of Community Health Nursing (CHN)?

To promote health and prevent diseases.

What is the ultimate goal of CHN?

To raise the level of health of the entire citizenry through self-reliance.

What philosophy of CHN was expressed by Margaret Shetland?

To uphold the worth and dignity of man.

List three common settings where CHN services are delivered.

Home, Barangay Health Station/ Rural Health Unit, and Clinic (First-contact facility).

During a clinic visit, what is identified in the pre-consultation conference?

'Chief complaint' or purpose of the client.

Which conference phase of the clinic visit focuses on Health Teachings?

Post-consultation conference.

What does the acronym “ICE” stand for in health teaching components?

Information, Communication, Education.

Where and when was the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion organized?

Ottawa, Canada, November 17-21, 1986.

State the five action areas for Health Promotion defined in the Ottawa Charter (use DR BSC).

Develop personal skills, Re-orient health services, Build healthy public policy, Strengthen community action, Create supportive environments.

In a health center triage, why is the first hour called the 'golden hour'?

Because prompt assessment within one hour can be life-saving and is the most crucial stage.

Differentiate program-based and non-program-based cases in a health center.

Program-based follow DOH protocols at the primary level; non-program-based cases are referred to hospitals for specialized care (e.g., surgery).

What laboratory test is used in DOTS facilities to screen for tuberculosis?

Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy (DSSM).

Which organism is confirmed by finding Acid-Fast Bacilli on DSSM?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Give two first-line antibiotics listed in the mnemonic CARIPPON.

Cotrimoxazole and Amoxicillin.

Name the four first-line anti-TB drugs represented by ‘RIPES.’

Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin.

Which drug from CARIPPON is recommended for hypertension at the RHU level?

Nifedipine.

What is the key characteristic of a comprehensive two-way referral system?

Patients can be referred up (e.g., from BHS to hospital) and back down to community facilities with feedback.

State three purposes of a home visit using the acronym CAT.

Care, Assess, Teach.

List two principles of home visits summarized by 'PM'.

Purpose & objectives and Prioritization with planned visit.

What are the three phases of a home visit abbreviated as ‘PIP’?

Pre-visit, In-home, Post-visit.

In the in-home phase, what does the nurse do immediately after greeting the client?

Introduce self and observe the environment to establish rapport and state the purpose.

During implementation inside the home, what does the mnemonic 'ACE' represent?

Assessment, nursing Care, and Evaluation.

After a home visit, what document must be completed in the post-visit phase?

Documentation, including any referral if necessary.

Name two factors affecting the frequency of home visits from the acronym 'PA PA NO'.

Policies of the agency, Acceptance by the family, Past services rendered, Ability to recognize needs, Needs of the family, Other health services involved.

Why is handwashing emphasized in the bag technique under 'MEHSA'?

To Minimize or prevent infection, ensure Effectiveness, save time & effort, avoid contamination, with Handwashing as a core step.

What items are stored in the top compartment of a CHN bag?

First-use sterile items such as plastic lining, gloves, and apron.

Define home care in emerging Philippine nursing practice.

Providing nursing care at home for disabled, immobile, or high-risk clients.

What is the primary goal of hospice care summarized by 'PIS'?

Provide comfort, Improve quality of life, and offer a Supportive system for the terminally ill.

What type of nursing combines spiritual care with health promotion and prevention?

Faith Community Nursing (Parish Nursing).

Which nursing specialty focuses on evidence collection and care in crime-related situations?

Forensic Nursing.

What does the acronym APIE represent in the community nursing process?

Assessment, Planning, Implementation (Intervention), Evaluation.

Differentiate primary and secondary data in community assessment.

Primary data are first-hand (e.g., interviews), whereas secondary data are existing records and reports.

What interview type targets barangay captains or religious leaders?

Key-person interview.

What is rapid (windshield) observation used for?

Quick ocular inspection of the community, often from a moving vehicle for safety.

When does a community assembly become a focused group discussion?

When it involves 6-12 members; more than 12 constitutes a community assembly.

State the Philippine law that established the Civil Registry system (births & deaths).

Republic Act 3753 – Civil Registry Law.

What is the difference between de jure and de facto census methods?

De jure counts people based on permanent residence; de facto counts them where they are found on census day.

Provide the formula for Crude Birth Rate (CBR).

Total live births / Mid-year population × 1,000.

How is maternal mortality ratio (MMR) calculated?

Total maternal deaths / Live births × 1,000.

What percentage case fatality rate indicates rabies is almost always deadly?

Approximately 100%.

Differentiate incidence and prevalence rates.

Incidence measures new cases; prevalence measures all existing (new + old) cases.

Under PD 651, births occurring after February 1, 1975 must be registered within how many days?

30 days.

According to PD 766, within how many hours must a physician issue a death certificate?

Within 48 hours.

Where should Andrew Bonifacio’s death be registered if he died in Carcar?

In Carcar, the place of death (rule: where you are added, there you are subtracted).

What presidential issuance mandates FHSIS as the official DOH reporting system?

Executive Order 352.

What is the fundamental building block of FHSIS?

Individual Treatment Record (ITR).

What report codes are used for monthly morbidity and program reports by the midwife?

M1 for program, M2 for morbidity.

At what week does the RHU nurse submit quarterly reports to the PHO?

3rd week of the first month of the next quarter.

What does NESS stand for?

National Epidemic Sentinel Surveillance System.

List two key outputs of NESS data summarized by the acronym C-D-I-E-T.

Cases by geography and Disease demographic characteristics (also Information, Estimates, Trends).

Which two diseases under NESS require laboratory diagnosis?

Malaria and Typhoid.

Which graphical tool best displays trends over time?

Line graph.

If comparing multiple variables at one point, which chart is preferred?

Bar graph.

What type of population pyramid characterizes the Philippines?

Expansive (broad base, high birth rate).

A narrow-based, top-heavy population pyramid describes which type of pattern?

Constrictive (e.g., Japan).

Identify the three typologies of family nursing problems.

Health deficit, Health threat, Foreseeable crisis.

In second-level family assessment, what tool by Maglaya evaluates coping ability?

Family Coping Index.

Name the four domains of the OMAHA System.

Environmental, Psychosocial, Physiologic, Health-related behaviors.

Which criterion carries the greatest weight in community problem prioritization?

Modifiability.

What unique criterion is used only in community (not family) prioritization?

Magnitude – percent of population affected.

Define the SMART approach in goal setting.

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound.

What are the three nurse functions highlighted in CHN implementation?

Independent, Interdependent (collaborative), Dependent functions.

Differentiate qualitative and quantitative evaluation.

Qualitative explores perceptions/quality; quantitative measures numbers/statistics.

In evaluation, what does 'structure' examine?

Adequacy and appropriateness of inputs and resources.

Which evaluation component focuses on effectiveness and efficiency of activities?

Process evaluation.

Outcome evaluation determines results using which three judgments?

Met, Partially met, Unmet.

In clinical nursing, which letter is silent in A(d)PIE compared with community ADPIE?

‘D’ (Diagnosis) is often implicit/combined with Assessment in CHN’s AdPIE.

What is the Ottawa Charter action area concerned with policy?

Building healthy public policy.

For diarrhea management at the RHU, which preparation under CARIPPON is used?

ORESOL (Oral Rehydration Solution).

Which framework succeeded the Hyogo Framework in disaster-risk reduction?

Sendai Framework (until 2030).

What is the most reliable primary data collection method?

Interview.

Why are health-care team members generally excluded as key informants?

To avoid professional bias and obtain community perspectives.

What Philippine act created the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)?

Republic Act 10625 – Philippine Statistical Act of 2013.

Which health indicator is calculated as (# deaths from a disease)/(# diagnosed cases) ×100?

Case Fatality Rate (CFR).

In reporting FHSIS data, where are records initially kept and updated daily?

Barangay Health Station / Rural Health Unit.

Which list in FHSIS records names of pregnant women, under-1-year-olds, etc.?

Target Client List (TCL).

Define jus sanguinis in citizenship determination.

Citizenship acquired by blood (parentage) rather than place of birth.

Give one example of a health-related behaviors domain problem in OMAHA.

Poor nutrition, inadequate exercise, suboptimal hygiene, or sleep issues.

What is the main goal of correctional nursing?

Provide comprehensive nursing care within the prison system.

Which graph type illustrates the relationship between two variables?

Scatter diagram.

Why combine categories as 'others' in a pie chart exceeding six variables?

To maintain clarity and readability of the chart.

In the bag technique, which lining is placed on the table first?

Plastic lining.

State one reason participant observation might be used during an interview.

To understand the informant’s context by engaging in their usual activities (e.g., farming).

What does the acronym TCL stand for in FHSIS?

Target Client List.

Within the Community Nursing Process, what phase immediately follows Planning?

Implementation (Intervention) Phase.

Which part of the nursing process involves setting SMART goals?

Planning phase.

What is the standard reporting frequency from PHO to RHO for quarterly FHSIS data?

4th week of the first month of the next quarter (e.g., April for Q1).

Which disease has a 90% case fatality rate and is commonly cited in lectures?

Ebola virus disease.

What is the primary focus of forensics nursing?

Healthcare and legal evidence preservation for victims and perpetrators of crime.

In a home visit termination, why is summarizing activities important?

To ensure mutual understanding of care provided and plan next steps.

Which action area of the Ottawa Charter emphasizes empowering individuals?

Develop personal skills.

Define 'salience' in family second-level assessment.

Degree of family recognition and importance attached to a health problem.

What does 'preventive potential' assess during problem prioritization?

Extent to which the problem can be avoided or minimized through interventions.

Which type of community diagnosis is conducted during an outbreak?

Problem-oriented community diagnosis.

Give one example of secondary data source for morbidity information.

FHSIS records, hospital reports, or national surveillance data.