1st Semester Review -- World History

Define central historic question

a core inquiry that guides historic research to help understand and interpret past events

Define sourcing

obtain a particular piece of information and analyze its credibility, origin, and context to assess its reliability in historical research.

Primary source:

a direct or first-hand piece of evidence

• such as documents, artifacts, or recordings.

Secondary source:

work that interprets or analyzes primary sources and provides a second-hand account of historical events,

• often including books, articles, and documentaries.

Define contextualization

(cause/effect), what events affected the historical event you are studying

• Ex. civil rights movement affected the “I have a dream” speech by MLK Jr.

Define close reading

Carefully analyzing evidence/sources to determine how to best use it to support your argument/claim

Define corroboration

Evidence that confirms or supports a statement

Define this type of Human Power:

Political

Persons authority to make decisions

Define this type of Human Power:

Cultural

rules/norms that apply to a society

Define this type of Human Power:

Social

a persons power is based on what social group they are in or how they are in the social pyramid

Define this type of Human Power:

Economic

A persons ability to buy power by using their wealth

Why was the 17th Century a terrible time to live in?

No rights, no power to get rid of king if bad

Define divine rights of kings

God put in power, catholic laws, kings have all say

Define natural laws

how people act without government

Define natural rights

life, liberty and property

Define social contract

government protects peoples rights, and share power with the people

Define right to revolt

can get rid of a king if he is bad

Define separation of powers

3 bodies of government (executive, legislative, judicial)

Define freedom of speech

ability to speak without being in trouble

Define checks and balances

make sure government can check each other to flow smoothly

Define general will v. individual will

General will = societies decisions are made community first, personal interest second

Individual will = peoples rights first, government second

Define education: way to create equality for women

let women be educated

What is this person famous for (enlightenment period):

Louis XIV “Sun King”:

bad king, bad decisions

What is this person famous for (enlightenment period):

Hobbes

• Natural laws

• Absolute monarchy

• did not want power for people

What is this person famous for (enlightenment period):

Locke

• Natural rights

• limited monarchy

• people have the right to rebel

What is this person famous for (enlightenment period):

Montesquieu

• separation of power, checks and balances

• US government formed from this!

What is this person famous for (enlightenment period):

Voltaire

• freedom of speech

• protest

• religion

What is this person famous for (enlightenment period):

Rousseau

• general will

• natural law

• liked direct democracy

• attacked the church/monarchy

What is this person famous for (enlightenment period):

Beccaria

• due process of criminals

• right to remain silent, speedy trial

• punishment fit for crime

What is this person famous for (enlightenment period):

Adam Smith

• Capitalism

• Lazziez-Faire

• supply demand

What is this person famous for (enlightenment period):

Wollstonecraft

• Womens rights

• educate then prove their worth

• protest for women's rights

Royalty

king/queen

1st Estate

Clergy

10% of population

2nd Estate

Nobility

5% of population

3rd Estate

Everyone else

pay 90% all taxes

How was third Estate stated? Tax system problems for

It was treated terrible no rights all taxes one vote for everyone else

Condition of Kings Government-Debt Absolutism ,War

3 Causes of the French Revolution

Food crisis Bread prises went up

Budget crisis

Social equality

Louis XVI/Marie Antoinette what were they like

not a good decision maker

Queen had parties and she was a big spender

Estate General why did it fail

All social groups came together to vote 1 vote per group

Financial crisis what caused this

king and queen spending takes only

Tennis Court Oath what did they say about it

3rd este new government new deals right of people

National Assembly what was the goal

New constitution tried to give 3rd estate some rights

Storming of Bastille what did it cause

start of the French revolution

trying to change rights 3rd estate

Declaration of rights of man what was the basic idea

Englishment freedom speech equalty of the estates government said save the people

Womens March on Versailles what effect on kings and queen

Brought the king back to Paris to be imprisoned help with bread crisis

Constitution of 1791 what did it do

war of French people vs the kings of Europe why did this war happen

Robespierre what was he trying to do

Reign of terror what happened what was its purpose

How did the French Revolution End

Nap was killed by public safety

5-man Directory what was it

Napolenonic era

Napoleonic code positi ves and negatives

Positives

Social equality

Law and order (all of Europe)

French pride

Religion freedom accpted

restart some catholic church

Negatives

sexist laws

police state prisons secret police used aginst U.S

Freedom of speech and press taken away

censorship/propaganda used to control people

imorisoned the pope

Continental system -was it successful

No trade with British laid blockage no it was not successful

Use of German satellite nations define

small county controlled by France gain triips/supplies from the nations

Divide and Conquer

Divide country from another conquer then take over France to surrender

war in Spain problems effect on Cont system

Briten helped Spain lost lots of troops

war agianst Russia reason for

Russia withdrew from the Continental System, resuming trade with Great Britain. Napoleon also had ambitions to expand his empire

Russian strategy scorched earth policy was it successful

Russia Burned everything gave Napoloen no food /supplies very succesful for Russia Napoleon lost 2/3 troops