Equine Uses ANS 110

What is the purpose of a halter in horse handling?

A halter is used to lead and tie a horse.

What is a lead shank or rope, and how is it used?

A lead shank or rope is used to lead a horse and attaches to the halter.

From which side should you lead a horse, and why historically?

You should lead a horse from the left side, staying by its shoulder to avoid cutting the horse with swords when mounting.

What physical issue can arise from consistently leading a horse from the left side?

Leading from the left side can lead to increased bone density in the left leg, potentially causing unbalanced horses.

What is a safe practice for tying horses?

Horses should be tied to trusted objects, such as cross ties.

Why should halters be hung by the ear band?

Hanging halters by the ear band ensures they are in the correct shape for quick use in emergencies, such as a fire. Especially for people inexperienced with horses who do not know the correct placement of a halter.

What do you do during grooming your horse?

clean, massage for blood flow, remove debris, and check for injury

What does the bridle include?

the headpiece, bit (or bitless), ad reins

What are the types of saddles?

English/Western/racing, etc.

Other than the saddle and bridle, what else are essential pieces of tack?

Saddle pads and a cinch/girth

Where does the bit go?

Into the horses mouth

What is a snaffle bit? Where is pressure applied?

reins attach directly to the piece in horses mouth, direct pressure applied to corners of horses mouth

What is a curb bit? Where is pressure applied?

reins attach to shanks, uses leverage (pressure applied at poll, bars, and roof of mouth.) - have to use neck reining to steer

What is unique about a hackamore bit?

It has no mouth piece

Where do we mount?

from the left side

What types of racing are there?

Thoroughbred (flat racing and steeplechase)

Standardbreds (pacers or trotters)

Quarter horse

Endurance

What is thoroughbred flat racing?

Horses gallop over 5 furlongs to 2 miles- jockey with racing saddle

What is 1 forelong equal to?

201 meters or 1/8 of a mile

What is England's triple crown and when did it start?

One of the big thoroughbred flat horse races that started in 1814

List the three England Triple Crown thoroughbred flat horse races:

2,000 guineas

Epsom Derby

St. Lager Stakes

What are three famous U.S. Triple Crown thoroughbred flat races?

Kentucky Derby, Preakness, and Belmont

How many Triple Crown winners have there been in US history?

13

Who are the two horses that won the US Triple Crown, and when did each of them win?

2015: American Pharaoh

2018: Justify

Thoroughbred flat racing makes lots of money. What is this called?

big purses

What is Pari-mutual betting? Where does it occur? Who invented it?

used in thoroughbred flat racing, where all bets go into one pool (total wager), a fixed percentage of this total wager is put back into the track's expenses (operation, purses, etc.), the remainder of the pool goes back to determine payoff (divided among people who bet on the winning horses). PAYOUT is NOT fixed ahead of time. Occurs in the USA and invented by Pierre Oller.

What is track betting and bookies? Where does it occur?

The bookie (who you bet with) offers fixed odds (e.g., 5 to 1). If you bet before those odds, that's what you will get, no matter what other people bet the same way. Occurs in Ireland.

How long is a steeplechase?

2-4 miles with obstacles (jumps)

What are the big steeplechase races?

The Grand National in England since 1839

US Grand National at Belmont Park

Hurdle - point to point (a type of hurdle racing)

Dressage = ?

Training

What is dressage?

A series of movements

What are the basic types of movements done in dressage?

walk, trot, canter

What are the types of cantering done in dressage?

collected (smaller steps) and extended (bigger steps)

What are some more advanced movements done in dressage?

Half pass, piaffe, passage, tempi changes, pirouette

How is dressage scored?

each movement from 0-10, with a total of 100 points

What is the dressage world record?

94.3 by Valegro in 2014

What is eventing?

3 days of eventing with 3 phases

What are the three phases of eventing?

dressage, cross country, and stadium jumping

What is foxhunting?

tracking and chasing the fox: hounds are cast and riders on the horses follow.

Where is traditional foxhunting illegal, and what is the alternative?

In the UK, the dogs have to follow an artificial scent (no real foxes)

How does the US do foxhunting?

They have real foxes that are chased until they go "to ground" (into its burrow)

Who manages the hounds in foxhunting?

the huntsman

Who manages the hunt in foxhunting?

master of the fox hounds

Who assists with the hounds on the hunt in foxhunting?

whippers-in

Who rides first in foxhunting?

field master

What are the periods called in polo?

chukkas

How long are the chukkas in polo, and how many are there per game?

7 min long, 4-8 per game

How do you score goals in polo?

by hitting the ball between the posts

In polo, you _____ ends after each ____.

change; goal

What are the horses called in polo? How is this ironic?

polo ponies, because they are not actually ponies but usually TB or TB crosses

How many chukkas can each pony play in polo? What has to happen in between?

can only play 2, with at least one chukka in between (usually will need multiple ponies to play one game)

What is saddle seat?

A style of riding designed to show off breeds with high-stepping gaits

What breeds are used in saddle seat?

saddlebreds, hackneys, arabians, TWH

What is different about saddle seat riding in comparison to other riding styles?

style, saddle, and riding position are all different

What are the four classes of saddleseat riding?

American Saddlebred: 3 gaited and 5 gaited (including rack and slow gait)

Park - judged on high action

Pleasure - good manners and performance

Equitation - judged on the rider

What are the five main Western horse disciplines?

Western seat equitation

Pleasure

Horsemanship

Dressage

Trails

What is Western seat equitation judged on?

riding

What is Western pleasure judged on?

movement, ease of riding, and quality of the horse and its gaits

What is Western Horsemanship judged on?

quality of riding, pattern

What are Western trails judged on?

navigation of obstacles such as gates, bridges, rails, etc.

List the English disciplines:

showjumping, equitation, hunter, dressage, foxhunting, eventing, polo, saddle seat

List the Western disciplines:

Rodeo and barrel racing, bronc riding, roping and team roping, cutting and penning, reining, trail classes, western pleasure, gymkhana events

What is barrel racing?

run around barrels in order to get the fastest time, can NOT knock down barrels

What is the record for barrel racing?

13.11 seconds

Why did rodeo sports develop?

due to Cowboys having horses and wanting to compete

What does pole bending entail?

a serpentine path around 6 poles

How many feet apart are the poles in pole bending?

21 feet

How tall are the poles in pole bending?

6 feet tall

What happens if you knock down a pole in pole bending?

you get a 5-second penalty

What does cutting entail?

separating a cow from the herd, and involves a horse's cow sense

What does penning entail?

separating a set of animals into a pen; a team sport

What does bronc riding entail? (include scoring details)

Bronc (or bull), attempt to stay on for 8 seconds, score out of 100 (50 for horse, 50 for rider)

What does roping entail?

Either a single or a team sport. If single, only roping a calf; if a team, then a steer

Who lassos the horns in roping?

the header

Who lassos the legs in roping?

the heeler

Why was reining developed?

to show the athletic ability of ranch horses

What do the horse and rider do in reining?

run 1 to 10 approved patterns

What are six of the approved patterns in reining?

small slow circles, large fast circles, flying changes, roll backs over the hocks, 360 degree spins, and sliding stops

What are the three phases of driving?

driving dressage, cross country marathon, obstacle cone driving

What is combined driving?

It is where horses compete in teams for driving competitions.

What is carriage/pleasure driving?

where the carriage has 2 or 4 wheels and there are 1-4 horses per carriage

What is fine harness?

a driving class where more emphasis is put on the show of the gait and the high-stepping action of the horses; ponies and horses are used

What are three draft horse events?

weight pull, competitive plowing, and driving

What is vaulting?

gymnastics on horseback

How many people perform at once in vaulting?

either individual, in pairs, or in teams

In vaulting, horses canter on a _____ circle on a line.

15 m

Are horses used as therapy animals?

Yes

In what ways do horses help support mental health?

EGALA model, where mental health professionals and equine specialists help with behavioral disorders, depression, and anxiety

In what ways do horses help support physical health?

Through therapeutic riding designed for the handicapped, which helps improve strength and independence

What does PATH stand for?

Professional Association of Therapeutic Riding

What are guide horses?

horses used for the blind

What are the advantages of using horses as guide animals?

long lifespan, good memory and vision, and high stamina

Are horses still used for ranch work? What kinds?

Yes, cattle work and farming

Horses are widely used in 3rd world countries as?

pack/harness animals to transport materials

What do we use horses for at NCSU?

mounted police

What does RCMP stand for?

royal canadian mounted police

What is standardbred racing also called?

Harness racing

What two components does standardbred racing include?

drivers and sulkies (the carts)

How long are standardbred races?

1 mile

What two gaits do standardbred races go at?

either trot or pace

Are horses allowed to canter in standardbred racing? What happens if they do?

No, they have to go back one place (if they do not, they are disqualified)