Unit 2-2: Population and Migration - AP Outline

Chain Migration

The process by which some people's migration to a new place leads their family members, friends, and others to move to same place.

Forced Migration

Migration caused by forces out of ones control, such as disasters, social conflicts, or developed states.

Internal Migration (Interregional Migration)

When people move within the borders of a country

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

Someone who remains within his or her country's borders despite being persecuted by their home country

International (Transnational) Migration

When moves are made across national borders

Intervening Obstacles

A complication that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destination.

Intervening Opportunity

A nearby attractive locale where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended destination farther away.

Pull Factors

The attributes of other places that make than appealing to potential migrants

Push Factors

Factors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present locales and want to move somewhere else.

Refugee

A person who leaves their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion.

Step Migration

Migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places; The series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination

Transhumance

A phenomenon where herders and their livestock move seasonally between their summer and winter pastures.

Transnational Migration

When migrants move back and forth between their home countries and those to which they have migrated

Voluntary Migration

Migration that is done willingly

Asylum-Seeker

A person who seeks political refuge (asylum) in a country other than their own due to fear harassment, imprisonment, or even death caused by the government.

Guest Worker

A migrant permitted to work in a country other than their homeland due to a temporary labor shortage; Migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers

Fertility Rate

Number of babies born per 1000 people in a society in a year

Malthusian Theory

Population grows faster (exponentially-geometrically) than food supply (arithmetically-linear) leading to starvation

Malthusian Crisis

Point in which total population exceeds food supply leading to negative events to reduce population

Mortality Rate

Number of deaths per 1000 people in a society in a year

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

Set of rules proposed to explain and predict migration patterns

Rural-To-Urban Migration

People moving from rural (agricultural) areas to urban (cities) areas. Occurs at higher rates during industrialization and development