Glencoe Biology - Chapter 12.1: Molecular Genetics

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14 Terms

1

DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid) a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

<p>(deoxyribonucleic acid) a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.</p>
2

nucleotide

A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

<p>A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.</p>
3

pyrimadine

single-ring nitrogenous base; thymine, cytosine and uracil in RNA

<p>single-ring nitrogenous base; thymine, cytosine and uracil in RNA</p>
4

nitrogenous BASE

part of a nucleotide; cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine (DNA only) and uracil (RNA only)

<p>part of a nucleotide; cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine (DNA only) and uracil (RNA only)</p>
5

double helix

twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other

<p>twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other</p>
6

purine

Adenine and Guanine

double-ring nitrogenous base

<p>Adenine and Guanine</p><p>double-ring nitrogenous base</p>
7

chromosome

tightly coiled DNA packaged for cell division.

<p>tightly coiled DNA packaged for cell division.</p>
8

gene

A section of DNA that codes for a protein thereby causing a trait

<p>A section of DNA that codes for a protein thereby causing a trait</p>
9

replication

The process of copying a DNA molecule to make another exact copy of a DNA molecule.

<p>The process of copying a DNA molecule to make another exact copy of a DNA molecule.</p>
10

base pairing

principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine (A) and thymine (T) and between guanine (G) and cytosine (C)

<p>principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine (A) and thymine (T) and between guanine (G) and cytosine (C)</p>
11

bacteriophage

A virus that infects bacteria

<p>A virus that infects bacteria</p>
12

DNA transformation

the process of changing an organisms DNA by the addition of DNA from another organism

<p>the process of changing an organisms DNA by the addition of DNA from another organism</p>
13

Pneumococcus

bacteria that causes pneumonia. A bad, (virulent) bacteria.

<p>bacteria that causes pneumonia. A bad, (virulent) bacteria.</p>
14

Virulent

disease causing. (Nasty bacteria)

<p>disease causing. (Nasty bacteria)</p>