Socrates and Sophistry

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on Socrates and Sophistry, focusing on the Sophists' impact on philosophy, the Socratic Method, and Socrates' pursuit of truth.

Who were the Sophists?

The Sophists were a class of teachers in 5th century BCE Athens who taught various subjects including rhetoric, ethics, and politics, becoming influential figures in philosophy.

What was a major contribution of the Sophists to philosophy?

They shifted the focus of philosophy from speculative systems and metaphysics to practical concerns like ethics, rhetoric, and politics.

What were some positive aspects of the Sophists' teachings?

They provided education in a rudimentary system, taught practical skills like rhetoric, and shifted philosophical focus to more practical subjects.

What criticisms were leveled against the Sophists?

They were criticized for undermining traditional authority and for promoting clever rhetoric that could lead to false beliefs rather than genuine knowledge.

What is the Socratic Method?

A form of questioning used by Socrates that involves posing questions about concepts, examining answers for inadequacies, and seeking deeper understanding through dialogue.

What is the first step of the Socratic Method?

Pose a question about the meaning of a concept.

What is the ultimate aim of the Socratic Method?

To demonstrate that individuals do not know as much as they think they do and to eliminate false beliefs through critical questioning.

How did Socrates differ from the Sophists?

Socrates sought truth and understanding rather than rhetorical victory and personal gain, emphasizing virtue as knowledge.

What did Socrates believe about knowledge and virtue?

He believed that knowing what virtue is leads to being virtuous, and that people will pursue the good when they are aware of it.

How did Socrates see his role in society?

As a duty to help others gain understanding of virtues through questioning and dialogue.

Did Socrates claim to have all the answers?

No, he acknowledged that his questions were meant to help him and others strive for better knowledge of virtues.

What literary work portrayed Socrates as a Sophist?

The play 'Clouds' by Aristophanes depicted Socrates as a Sophist and charlatan.