AICE U.S. History Unit 1.3 Election of 1860 Key Term and People

scott v. stanford

controversial supreme court case involving dred scott who argued for freedom

-slaves were property

-ruled an african american could not be a citizen, slave-owners could take their slaves anywhere governed by us federal law, congress had no authority to restrict the right given to people by the constitution

slave power

power given to souther slave states, scott v. stanford case showed evidence of this growing

-aimed to spread slavery nationwide, become a slave nation

lincoln douglas debates

national debates for the illinois senator

-over the future of slavery in the usa and the of the usa itself

-douglas won

freeport doctrine

douglas's challenge against lincoln

-supreme court decisions rested on local law enforcement

-local laws decided by the people

-popular sovereignty

-no slave codes

harpers ferry, va

housed a federal arsenal and armory, making and storing us army weapons

-planned to be taken control of by abolitionist, john brown

-failed, slave revolt never happened

martyr

a person killed for their devotion to their beliefs

-john brown in regards to being a extreme abolitionist

black republicanism

-republicans wanted to abolish slavery

-south aimed to defeat this conspiracy of south using this to gain power

fire-eaters

vocal, growing souther group of pro slavery democrats who believed the only way to protect slavery against the black republican threat was by breaking away from the us

gradualism

the north gradually introducing measures to contain and remove slavery

-while the north gained economic and political power

election of 1860

presidential election with 4 candidates, catalyst of secession and civil war

-northern democrat stephen douglas

-southern democrat john breckinridge

-southern constitutional union john bell

-republican abraham licoln

beginning of secession

northern democrats

supported popular sovereignty, against slave codes

-represented by stephen douglas

southern democrats

supported popular sovereignty, supported slave codes, though congress should not be able to limit slavery, in favor of slavery expansion

-represented by john breckinridge

republicans

against slavery expansion, thought congress has power to limit slavery

-represented by abraham lincoln

-won the 1860 election

constitutional union party

wanted to avoid slavery issue, leave status to constitution and not expand, avoid war, aimed to keep the union together

-represented by john bell

-composed of old whigs and american party members

wide awake movement

militant group that emerged to influence the election outcome

-used energy and enthusiasm

-supported republicans

electoral college

representatives of each state who elect the president

-helped determine the election

james buchanan

democratic president in 1856, last president before civil war

-stated territorial issue will be settled with popular sovereignty

-thought slavery conflict would end

dred scott

slave born in virginia, moved to free illinois, moved to slave missouri, argued his residence in illinois freed in him supreme court case

roger taney

chief justice of supreme court, ruled dred scott case

-appointed by andrew jackson

stephen douglas

democratic illinois senator, norther democratic candidate in 1860 election

-supported popular sovereignty

-against slave codes

john brown

abolitionist martyr who attempted harper ferry raid, slave revolt never happened, failed, put on trial guilty of treason and put to a death sentence

-hero martyr in north

-terrorist in south

william h. seward

republican, new york senator, thought to be the republican candidate in 1860 presidential election

-thought us would be an entirely slave nation or an entirely free nation

-former whig

abraham lincoln

republican candidate in 1860 presidential election, won

-opposed slavery expansion

john c. breckinridge

southern democrat in 1860 presidential election

-supported popular sovereignty

-supported slave codes (set rules on slave owners power)

john bell

tennessee senator, souther constitutional union party candidate in 1860 presidential election,

-thought slavery should remain guaranteed by constitution, but should spread

-wanted to avoid war

wanted to save union and keep it together

jefferson davis

mississippi, future confederacy president

-thought douglas, breckinridge, and bell should all stand sown in the 1860 presidential election to allow a compromise candidate to chosen or fusion ticket