Psychopathology Ch 4

Clinical assessment tools (categories; comparisons/contrasts; strengths/weaknesses)

Clinical tests, clinical interviews, clinical observations. Assessment is the process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant.

Standardization (description, example); normative sample

When you give it you say it the same and score it the same!

The process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individual's score can be measured.

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Reliability (description, types, example);

Reliability is a measure of the CONSISTENCY of test or research results.

validity (description, types, example)

Validity is a measure of the ACCURACY of a test's or study's results.

Clinical picture (definition, description)

get a picture of the person through clinical interview

Clinical interview (types, timing);

Structured or unstructured

Clinical tests (types

Clinical tests are a device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person's psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred. Tests include projective, personality, response, psychophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and intelligence tests

Mental status exam (description, components)

A set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a client's psychopathology.

Projective tests (types, descriptions, assumptions/purposes, examples, strengths and weaknesses)

A test consisting of ambiguous material that people interpret or respond to.

Personality inventories (example, strengths and weaknesses)

A test, designed to measure broad personality characteristics, consisting of statements about behaviors, beliefs, and feelings that people evaluate as either characteristic or uncharacteristic of them.

MMPI subscales (labels, topics, examples)

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. 335 self-statements labeled as true, false, or cannot say by the test-taker.

Response inventories (example, types [cognitive, affective, functional, social skills], strengths and weaknesses)

Tests designed to measure a person's responses in one specific area of functioning, such as affect, social skills, or cognitive processes.

Psychophysiological tests (example, strengths and weaknesses)

A test that measures physical responses (such as heart rate and muscle tension) as possible indicators of psychological conditions.

Neurological and neuropsychological tests (types, examples, mechanisms, strengths and weaknesses)

a neuropsychological test is a test that detects brain impairment by measuring a person's cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances.

Intelligence tests (example, authors, strengths and weaknesses)

A test designed to measure a person's intellectual ability.

Intelligence quotient (IQ; simple calculation)

An overall score derived from intelligence tests.

Clinical observations (types, descriptions, strengths and weaknesses); reactivity (description, example)

A type of clinical assessment. Include naturalistic, analog, and self-monitoring.

Self-monitoring (description, strengths and weaknesses)

Diagnosis and syndrome (definitions, descriptions, examples)

Diagnosis is a determination that a person's difficulties reflect a particular disorder.

A syndrome is a cluster of symptoms that usually occur together.

Early diagnostic classification system theorist

A list of disorders, along with descriptions of symptoms and guidelines for making appropriate diagnoses.

DSM-5-TR (description, author, use); Research Domain Criteria (RDoC; characteristics)

"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision"

The newest edition of the DSM, published in 2022. It is primarily a revision of the background text information found in DSM-5.

DSM-5-TR mental disorders (numbers, categories); categorical and dimensional information

DSM-5-TR diagnostic category/disorder name additions/changes (examples)

Diagnostic categories (criticisms and advantages)

Evidence-based treatments/empirically-supported treatments (descriptions, trends)

Therapy that has received clear research support for a particular disorder and has corresponding treatment guidelines.

Psychotherapy outcomes (research findings, common factors)

1. people in therapy are usually better off than people with similar difficulties

Effective treatments for specific problems (e.g., phobias, schizophrenia); combined approach

phobias are cognitive-behavioral therapy and schizophrenia is best treated by drug therapy

Sometimes drug therapy and psychotherapy are combined