Biology amazing race flashcards

Gas exchange (\text{O}2 diffuses into blood, \text{CO}2 diffuses out)

Process in alveoli

Function of increasing surface area in digestive system

Maximizes nutrient absorption efficiency.

Villi and microvilli

Structure(s) that increase surface area in intestines

Arteries (Function)

Carry blood away from the heart; handle high pressure.

Arteries (Structure)

Thick, muscular, elastic walls; narrow lumen.

Veins (Function)

Carry blood toward the heart; handle low pressure.

Veins (Structure)

Thinner walls, large lumen; contain valves.

Capillaries (Function)

Site of exchange (gases, nutrients, waste) between blood and tissues.

Capillaries (Structure)

Extremely thin walls (one cell thick).

Metaphase

Stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the equator

What happens during Metaphase?

Chromosomes (as sister chromatids) line up along the metaphase plate (cell's equator).

Role of Spindle fibres

Microtubule structures that attach to centromeres and pull chromatids apart.

Role of Centrioles

Helps organize the spindle fibres.

Definition of Meristematic cells

Undifferentiated plant cells that can divide continuously.

Function of Apical meristems

Responsible for primary growth (increase in length, found at tips).

Effect of meristematic cells in a tree trunk