history L15 & L16

Post Civil War Period

1870’s – 1920’s

Post civil war, The United States was in transition into the ______ from the
Victorian Period

Golden Age

Rural

Death at home, family/women prepared the body, quiet

Urban

Undertakers for hire, storefront funeral homes

Adaptive Funeral –

funeral rite that is adjusted to the needs and wants of
those directly involved; altered to suit the trends of the times

Restorative Art –

care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color. Joel
Crandall, a New York City embalmer, is credited with developing the specialty
in 1912, and is known as the “father of restorative art”.

Trade Embalmer –

term originated when some of the original graduates of
early embalming courses gave up regular employment with a single firm to
provide embalming service to firms which had no trained embalmer

Immediate Burial –

disposition via earth burial without any form of funeral rite
at the time of disposition with the body present

Direct Disposition –

disposition of human remains without any rites or
ceremonies with the body present

Cremation Urn –

a receptacle created for the purpose of containing remains after
cremation. Cremation urns are created in a variety of sizes, shapes, and materials

Cremationist –

historically, a person who advocates or encourages cremation as a
method to replace the burial of the dead. Presently, a trained professional who is
authorized and/or licensed to operate a cremator and perform the cremation process; a professional who arranges and carries out death care rites when cremation is chosen

Crematory –

the physical location of the cremator where the cremation process is
performed

Cremation –

The reduction of a dead human body to inorganic bone fragments by
intense heat in a specifically designed retort or chamber; a heating process which
incinerates human remains

American Monument Association –

a national trade association
representing the major granite and marble memorial manufacturers and
quarries throughout the United States

Monument Builders of North America –

an international trade association
of persons and firms in the memorial industry

Casket and Funeral Supply Association of America (CFSAA) –

represents the interests of funeral service suppliers; its members manufacture or distribute virtually every type of product used by funeral directors (formerly known as Casket Manufacturers of America)

Cremation Society –

Historically, an organization consisting of members who
sought cremation as a means of sanitary or funeral reform. Presently, an
organization consisting of members to ensure their future cremation wishes
are met

Cremation Association of North America (CANA) –

Founded in 1913,
CANA is an international organization of cemeterians, cremationists,
funeral directors, industry suppliers, and consultants. CANA was
originally formed to promote cremation as a modern, safe, and hygienic
way of dealing with a dead human body

Jewish Funeral Directors of America (JFDA) –

an association which guides,
aids, and supports members in honoring the deceased and comforting
the bereaved by preserving, promoting, and practicing the customs and
traditions of the Jewish funeral. Now a part of the ICCFA

International Cemetery, Cremation, and Funeral Association (ICCFA) –

international trade association representing all segments of the
cemetery, funeral service, cremation, and memorialization profession

International Order of the Golden Rule (OGR) –

an organization of
independent, family-owned family homes established in 1928, whose
mission is to build and support member interaction, information
exchange, and professional business development through a wide
range of programs, services, and resources; membership limited to
one funeral home per community

National Concrete Burial Vault Association (NCBVA) –

an organization
of concrete burial vault manufacturers, who purpose is to provide a
unified voice for the concrete burial vault industry, and to continually
research and develop, then specify and promote minimum
performance standards

National Funeral Director’s Association (NFDA) –

the oldest and largest
national association of funeral directors and embalmers organized in
1882, that provides members with critical information, innovative
tools, resources and the professional community they need to serve
families, run sustainable businesses and become pillars in their
communities

National Funeral Directors and Morticians Association (NFDMA) –

organized in 1924 as the independent National Funeral Directors
Association (present name adopted in 1957); established to represent
specific interests of African-American funeral directors that provides
advocacy, education, information, products, programs, and services to
help members enhance the quality of services to families

Catholic Cemetery Conference –

the oldest and largest Catholic cemetery
association servicing Catholic cemeterians national and internationally

Funeral Service Foundation –

a national organization which advances
professionalism in funeral service and enhances public knowledge and
understanding through education and research (formerly National
Foundation of Funeral Service)

Selected Independent Funeral Homes (SIFH) –

a limited, invitation-only
membership funeral service organization formed in 1917 on the basis of one
member firm per city (formerly National Selected Morticians)

American Board of Funeral Service Education (ABFSE) –

organization which accredits funeral service and mortuary science programs

International Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards (The
Conference; ICFSEB) –

organization of licensing agencies in North America;
provides examination services, information, and regulatory support to
funeral service licensing boards, educators, and governmental bodies

Funeral -

originates from the Latin word “funeralis” meaning “torch-light”
procession

Cortege –

historical term for funeral procession

Bier –

Hand stretcher that was used to carry the uncoffined body to
the grave

The predecessor to the hearse

Undertaker’s Buggy –

name given to the vehicle used by undertakers to
transport the necessary mortuary paraphernalia to the homes where
funerals were typically held. These vehicles sometimes had an
appearance like a hearse, but were much more ornate

Hearse –

today, a vehicle specially designed to transport casketed remains; derived from French word ‘herse’; originally a stationary framework of wood to hold candles and decorations placed on the coffin; forerunner was a bier hearse and bier were used interchangeably until mid-19th century

After WWI, _____ began in the funeral industry

Limousine’s

mid-1900’s

Flower cars and vans that move flowers instead of putting them in the
hearse began