Final exam Review( I will get at least a 78)

Bond/Forces order

Covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, London forces

London forces

Non polar

Dipole dipole forces

Polar but not with H-N, H-O, H-F

Hydrogen bonding

Polar and with H-O, H-N, H-O

How to figure out what forces a atom is

Use Lewis dot structure(hydrogen always in the middle) and (based on valence electrons column numbers) add together to get to 8 hydrogen only gets 2

Strongest bond in water

Hydrogen bonding

If it is hydrogen bonding is all three forces

London, dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding

Highest boiling point

As you go down and to the right the molar mass increases causing the boiling point to decrease because it’s bigger which takes more time to boil

Strong Intermolecular force

High boiling point, high heat of vaporization, low vapor pressure, greater viscosity and greater surface tension

Solid to gas

Sublimation

Gas to sold

Deposition

Solid to liquid

Melting

Liquid to solid

Freezing

Liquid to gas

Boiling

Gas to liquid

Condensation

What is the point where all phases coexist?

The middle point(triple point)

where is the critical point located

At the top

Surface tension

Water beads/droplets

Viscosity

How fast a solid goes down in a liquid like a metal ball in honey and water

Capillary rise

the glass of the tube attracts the liquid causing it to rise

Clalus equation steps

Solve for right side then use e^x on the calculator to get the answer

what needs to be to cause equilibrium to exist when phase changes happen

opposite process for example evaporation(vapor pressure) and condensation(cooling)

what’s the highest heat of vaporization?

the liquid that gets to the highest temperature(far right on graph)

what do you classify a type of solid like methane?

A molecular solid because its atoms help by weak intermolecular forces

What is melting point based off of?

The lower the molar mass, the higher the melting point because it’s less molecules causes it to be easier to melt

Saturated

Solute and solvent are equal

Unsaturated

Solute is greater than solvent

Supersaturated

Solvent is great than solute(obtained by heating)

like dissolves in like

Polar solvent dissolve in polar solutes/non polar solvent dissolve in non polar solutes

Temperature and pressure do what to solubility of a gas solution

Increases it

steps for vapor pressure problem(vp=x•pressure in problem)

Find molar mass of each liquid then divide the about dissolved given in problem by molar mass then x will be liquid asked in problem divided by total liquid. Then solve for vp(P solution)

Morality equation

Moles of solute/liters of solution

Molality

Moles of solute/kg of solvent

Mass percent

Mass solute/mass of solution • 100

What kind of Colloid is like jelly and jam?

Gel

Steps to morality

First find the molar mass of the compound and divide that by the grams dissolved of the compound to get moles of solute. Then divide the grams of water by the density and turn it to liters and that’ll give you the liters of solution. Lastly, plug in and get answer

Steps to mole fraction

First find the moles of the solute by dividing the amount dissolved by the molar mass. Then find the total moles by dividing the total number grams of water by the molar mass of water and add the moles of a to it. Lastly, plug in and solve