D2.1.2 Cytokinesis as splitting of cytoplasm in a parent cell between daughter cells | Quizlet

How does cytokinesis differ from nuclear division?

Cytokinesis focuses on dividing the cytoplasm and its contents, while nuclear division (mitosis or meiosis) separates the genetic material.

What is the main purpose of cytokinesis?

To divide the cytoplasm of a parent cell into two daughter cells, ensuring each receives the necessary components to function independently.

How do plant cells overcome the challenge of cytokinesis given their rigid cell wall?

Plant cells construct a new cell wall and plasma membrane between the daughter cells instead of pinching inward.

What is the role of vesicles from the Golgi apparatus in plant cytokinesis?

Vesicles carry cell wall materials to the cell's equator, where they align and fuse to form a cell plate.

What happens to the cell plate during plant cytokinesis?

The cell plate grows outward as more vesicles fuse, eventually connecting with the existing plasma membrane.

What is the middle lamella?

The middle lamella is a layer of pectins deposited between the plasma membranes of daughter cells that cements them together.

Why is cytokinesis important for daughter cells?

Cytokinesis ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of organelles and cytoplasmic components.

What would happen if cytokinesis did not occur after nuclear division?

Without cytokinesis, nuclear division would result in a single cell with multiple nuclei, disrupting normal cell function.

What is cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parent cell into two daughter cells.

What ensures that each daughter cell receives the necessary cytoplasmic components during cytokinesis?

The process of cytokinesis itself, which divides the cytoplasm and its contents.

What is the difference between the contractile ring and the cleavage furrow?

The contractile ring is the structure beneath the membrane that causes the furrow to form, while the cleavage furrow is the indentation on the cell surface.

What analogy can be used to describe the contractile ring's function in animal cytokinesis?

The contractile ring can be compared to a drawstring on a bag, tightening and closing the bag to split it into two.

What materials are delivered by vesicles to form the cell plate in plant cytokinesis?

Cell wall materials, such as pectins and cellulose precursors.

How do daughter cells form their own cell walls after cytokinesis?

Each daughter cell deposits cellulose adjacent to the middle lamella to build its own cell wall.

What is the significance of the cell plate in plant cytokinesis?

The cell plate serves as a scaffold for the formation of the new cell wall and plasma membranes.

What drives the formation of the cleavage furrow in animal cells?

The tightening of the contractile ring of actin and myosin proteins.

What happens to the plasma membrane during cytokinesis in animal cells?

The contractile ring constricts the plasma membrane, pinching it into two separate membranes.

What structure drives cytokinesis in animal cells?

A contractile ring of actin and myosin proteins.

What is a cleavage furrow?

A cleavage furrow is a visible indentation on the cell surface that forms during cytokinesis as the contractile ring tightens.