religion and society unit 2 aos 1

Ethical principles

Ethical statements about what is the right way to act in an ideal world

Moral values

Universal or cultural ideas that are important for the morality of individuals and for society

Social norms

Behaviour that becomes accepted as the rules because they are what everyone does, even if it is against laws or morals

Intuition

A feeling based on emotional intelligence, natural law and life experience

Reasoning

Thinking in a logical, objective, considered and sensible way

Assumptions and cognitive bias

Statements or ideas that are believed to be true without any supportive evidence

Ethical authority

An idea, thing or purpose that is used to support an ethical perspective

World views

The way in which an individual, group or society interprets the totality of existence and world history or civilisation and how they choose to act based on this interpretation

Conscience

The developed ability of a human being to know right and wrong, and to make decisions/carry out actions based on this

Moral and ethical codes behaviour

Moral- Set of rules developed by the members for establishing the expected and required behaviour of individuals in a particular group

Ethical- principles+rules established by external ethical authority to govern the procedures and conduct of organisations

Laws

System of rules to regulate behaviour of all people at all times

Rules

Regulate people in particular groups- flexible, personalised and localised

Duties and obligations

What should be done because they’re ones responsibility with particular laws or rules

Cognitive biases

Confirmation bias
Complexity bias
Community bias
Complementary bias
Contact bias
Consciousness bias
Competency bias
Confidence bias
Conspiracy bias
Comfort or complacency or convenience bias
Catastrophe or normalcy or baseline bias
Cash bias

Confirmation bias

Biases that affect the way we receive or the way we see first confirmation bias the human brain welcomes information that confirms what it already thinks and resists information that disturbs or contradicts what it already thinks

Complexity bias

The human brain prefers a simple lie to a complex truth.

Community bias

The human brain finds it hard to see something the group doesn’t want to see

Complementary bias

We mirror back the attitude we receive from other people and that makes us open or close to what they have to say whether its true or not

Contact bias

If you lack contact with someone you won’t see what they see

Consciousness bias

A persons level of consciousness/ cognitive maturity makes seeing some things possible and other things impossible

Competency bias

Our brains prefer a confident lie to a hesitant truth. We mistake confidence for competence and we are all vulnerable to the lies of confident people

Conspiracy bias

When we feel shame or fear we are especially vulnerable to stories that cast us as victims of an evil conspiracy by some enemy or other

Comfort or complacency or convenience bias

Our brains welcome information that allows us to relax and be happy and our brains reject information that requires us to adjust work or inconvenience ourselves

Catastrophe or normalcy or baseline bias

Our brains are wired to return to what we think is ‘normal’ and assume that what feels normal has always been and will always remain.

Cash bias

Our brains are wired to see within the framework of our economy and we see what helps us make money

Character/virtue ethics

Looks at virtue or moral character of the person carrying out an actions

Outcome/utilitarian ethics

Judges morality of an action based on its consequences
Maximises benefits and minimises harm

Ought/deontological ethics

Moral obligation/duty/responsibility- what should be done

Aristotles virtues

Friendliness
Courage
Temperance
Liberality
Wittiness
Magnanimity
Patience
Proper ambition
Magnificence
Modesty
Righteous indignation

Friendliness

Disposition to good will, warmth, or kindness to others

Courage

Mental or moral strength to venture, persevere, and withstand danger, fear, or difficulty

Temperance

Moderation in action, thought, or feeling

Liberality

The quality or state of being generous

Wittiness

Marked by or full of clever humour

Magnanimity

Loftiness of spirit enabling one to bear trouble calmly, to disdain meanness and pettiness, and to display a noble generousity

Patience

The capacity, habit, or fact of being tolerant

Proper ambition

Having the right amounts and correct kind of drive

Magnificence

The quality or state of being brilliant

Modesty

The quality if not being too proud or confident about yourself or your abilities

Righteous indignation

Feeling of anger or moral outrage that is motivated by a perception of injustice or wrongdoing

Catholic virtues

Faith
Hope
Charity
Humility
Patience
Diligence
Kindness
Gratitude
Forgiveness
Temperance

Faith

A deep belief and trust in God, accepting His truths even when they surpass our understandings

Hope

A confident trust in God’s promises and the expectations of eternal life, even in the face of hardship

Charity

A generous and selfless love that seek the good of others, modelled after God’s love for us

Patience

The ability to endure trials and delays with a peaceful heart and without complaint, trusting in God’s timing

Kindness

A disposition of compassion and goodness toward others, shown through thoughtful words and actions

Humility

A modest and realistic understanding of one’s own strengths and limitations, recognising complete dependence on God

Diligence

A steadfast commitment to doing what is good and right, even when it requires effort or sacrifice

Temperance

The practice of self-restraint and moderation, particularly in desires and pleasures, for the sake of holiness

Forgiveness

A willingness to release resentment and extend mercy, imitating God’s grace towards us

Gratitude

A spirit of thankfulness for God’s blessings, recognising both big and small gifts with a joyful heart

Methods of ethical decision making

Character, outcome, ought