2.1 Compare and contrast Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports, protocols, and their purposes.

Port 20/21

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Port 22

Secure Shell (SSH)

Port 23

Telnet

Port 25

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Port 53

Domain Name System (DNS)

Port 67/68

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Port 80

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Port 110

Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)

Port 137/139

Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS)/NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT)

Port 143

Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)

Port 161/162

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Port 389

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

Port 443

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

Port 445

Server Message Block (SMB)/Common Internet File System (CIFS)

Port 3389

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

Difference between TCP vs. UDP

TCP is connection-oriented, providing reliable transmission for secure protocols like HTTPS and SSH, while UDP is connectionless, faster, and used for services like DHCP and TFTP where reliability is less crucial.

router

is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, allowing communication between devices on different networks.

Switches

are networking devices that forward data packets between devices in a local area network (LAN),

Switches
Managed VS Unmanaged

Managed switches providing advanced configuration and monitoring capabilities, while unmanaged switches operate with plug-and-play simplicity, making them easier to set up and use.

Access Point

allow wireless devices to connect to a wired network, providing Wi-Fi connectivity and extending network coverage within a specific area.

Patch panel

is a network hardware component that acts as a central point for terminating and organizing network cables.

Firewall

is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security rules to protect a network from unauthorized access and threats.