CELL: THE UNIT OF LIFE

______ was a German scientist, who observed that all plant tissues are made up of cells.
At the same time _______, British scientist studied different type of animal cells. Though he was able to observe the nuclei, but he couldn't locate cell wall, he examined & realised that cell wall forms a unique character of plants.

Mathias Schleiden
Theodore Schwann

Thickness of plasma membrane is about (according to unit membrane structure)

75 Angstrom

Who proposed modification in cell theory?

Rudolf Virchow

Omnis cellula e cellula i.e. new cells arise from pre-existing cells; this statement was given by

Rudolf Virchow

Algal cell wall is made of

Cellulose
Galactans
Mannans
Minerals (like calcium carbonate)

Detailed structure of cell membrane was studied only after the advent electron microscope in the year

1950s

An improved model of structure of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in ______ widely accepted as _________ model.

1972
Fluid mosaic

Mitochondria are typically _______ shaped or ______.

sausage
cylindrical

Mitochondria have _____ aqueous compartment

2

Inner mitochondrial membrane forms infoldings called

Cristae

A Golgi complex has _______ cisternae.

varied number of

endomembrane system includes

ER
Golgi body
Lysosome
Vacuole

"S" in ribosome explains

Sedimentation coefficient
Measure of density
Measure of size

Carotenoid pigments are found in

Chromoplast
Chloroplast

Cristae are found in

mitochondria

In prokaryotes like cyanobacteria, besides mesosome, other membranous extensions into cytoplasm is/are

Chromatophores (contains pigments)

Ratio of proteins and lipids respectively in plasma membrane of human erythrocytes is

52 : 40

Which types of solutes may move across plasma membrane from higher to lower concentration along concentration gradient
1) Positively charged solutes
2) Negatively charged solutes
3) Neutral solutes
4) Any of the above as per requirement

3. by simple diffusion

Membranous organelles are considered together as endomembranous system because of their

Coordinated functions

Nucleus is site of synthesis of ___ RNA.

r-RNA

Cell walls of plants consists of

Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Pectin
Proteins

Cell wall is ______ (living/non-living) and _______(permeable/semipermeable).

Non-living
Permeable

Which is common in plant and animal cell?
1) Centriole
2) Central vacuole
3) Mitochondria
4) Plastid

3

Robert Hooke is Father of _______ and is related to _______.

Cytology
cell wall

The membrane of erythrocyte has approximately _____ protein and ______ lipids.

52%
40%

Lysosomes are formed by

Golgibody + ER

Both cilia and flagella arise from the part which is STRUCTURALLY SIMILIAR to

Centriole

ER forms network of membranous tiny tubular structure localized in

Cytoplasm (entire)

Ribosome present in chloroplast

70S

Structure of ________ (cilia/centrioles) resembles a cart wheel.

Centrioles

Chromosome is composed of

DNA
RNA
Histone
Non-histone

Linking between peripheral microtubules (doublets) is known as

Interdoublet bridge

Ribosome factory of eukaryotic cell is

Nucleolus

Number of the following in the a chromosome are
1) Chromatid
2) Centromere
3) Kinetochore
4) Telomere

1) 2
2) 1
3) 2
4) 4

Smallest cell organelle is

Ribosome

"Many organelles are considered together as an endo-membrane system because their functioning is coordinated"
Statement explaining this is

Lipids synthesized in ER are modified in Golgi apparatus

Microtubular arrangement in axoneme of cilia is

9 (doublets) + 2

Ribosome of eukaryotic cytoplasm, mitochondria and plastids are

80S
70S
70S

The outer membrane is permeable to _____ (all/some) kinds of molecules

All

Enzymes for electron transfer chain are embedded in the _______(inner/outer) mitochondrial membrane.

inner

The organised beating of cilia is controlled by fluxes of ____ ion across the membrane.

Ca+2

Polysome is formed by several ribosomes attached to a single

mRNA

In germinating seeds, fatty acids are degenerated exclusively in the
1) Glyoxysomes
2)Peroxisomes

1

According to the fluid mosaic model, _________(lipids/proteins) show flip flop movement.

Lipids (rarely)
protein cannot

Chromosomes in which centromere is situated close to one end are

Acrocentric

Protoplast is a cell without

Cell wall

Mitochondria and chloroplast are
1) Semi autonomous (T/F)
2) formed by division of pre-existing organelles and they contain DNA but lack protein synthesizing machinery (T/F)

1) F
2) F

Water soluble pigments found in plant cell vacuoles are
1) Xanthophylls
2) Chlorophylls
3) Carotenoids
4) Anthocyanins

4

Shorter arm of submetacentric chromosome is called

p arm

Longer arm of a submetacentric chromosome is called

q arm

Lysosomes are formed by packaging in

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrial matrix contains ________ DNA molecule and ribosomes.

single circular

Middle lamella is composed mainly of

Calcium pectate

Cytoskeletons are made up of

Proteinaceous filaments

acrocentric chromosome have centromere at

Almost at tip

Function of nuclear pores

Transport of RNA in both directions between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Chromatin term was given by

W. Flemming

Telomerase is an enzyme which is a

Ribonucleoprotein

Photosynthesis takes place in
1) Chloroplast
2) Peroxisome
3) Glyoxisome

1

Shape of WBCs is

Amoeboid

Shape of mesophyll cells is

Round and oval

Cell whose shape is branched and long

Nerve cell

Arrange in order of decreasing size
1) typical bacteria
2) PPLO
3) viruses
4) typical eukaryotic cell

4 > 1 > 2 > 3
(10-20um) > (1-2um) > (0.1um) > (0.002-0.2um)

Robert Hooke first

observed cork cells

Anton von Leeuwenhoek first

Saw and described a living cell

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella are structurally ______ (different/similar).

Different

Similarity between chloroplast and mitochondria

Both Semiautonomous
Contain ds circular DNA
double membrane bound

Element required to maintain structure of ribosome

Mg+2

Plastids are found in

All plant cells and euglenoids

Cell organelle formed by Golgi apparatus

Lysosome
Vacuole

_______ and _______ form basal body of cilia and flagella to facilitate locomotion.

Centrosome
Centriole

___________ plays a major role in hereditary.

Nucleus

Lysosomes contains enzymes that digests ALL types of macromolecules (T/F)

T

The invention of microscope revealed all the structural details of the cell (T/F)

F. Improvement of microscope leading to electron microscope revealed all the structural details of the cell

In ______, Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, examined a large number of plants
1) 1838
2) 1883
3) 1839
4) 1855

1

Matthias Schleiden observed that ____(all/a few) plants are composed of different kinds of cells which form the tissues of plant

ALL

Theodore Schwann in _____, a ______ Zoologist, studied different types of animal cells
1) 1838, German
2) 1883, British
3) 1839, British
4) 1855, British

3

Theodore Schwann reported that cells had a _____(thick/thin) _____(outer/inner) layer which is today known as "plasma membrane"

Thin
Outer

________ based on his studies on plant tissues concluded that presence of cell wall is a unique characters of plant cells.
1) Rudolf Virchow
2) Theodore Schwann
3) Matthias Schleiden
4) Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

2

______ proposed the hypothesis that bodies of animals and plants are composed of cells and products of cell
1) Rudolf Virchow
2) Theodore Schwann
3) Matthias Schleiden
4) Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

2

Schwann proposed the hypothesis that bodies of animals are composed of cells and products of cells (T/F)

F. of ANIMALS AND PLANTS are composed of cells and products of cells

______ & ______formulated the cell theory
1) Rudolf Virchow, Theodore Schwann
2) Theodore Schwann, Matthias Schleiden
3) Matthias Schleiden, Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
4) Rudolf Virchow, Matthias Schleiden

2

Cell theory formulated by Schwann & Schleiden explained how new cells were formed (T/F).

F

The cells of the human cheek have an outer membrane as the _______ structure of cell
1) Limiting
2) Delimiting
3) Flexible
4) Rigid

2

In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, a ______(fluid/semi-fluid) membrane called cytoplasm occupies the volume of cell .

Semi-fluid

Various chemical reactions occur in _____ to keep the cell in the "living state"
1) Cytoplasm
2) ER
3) Nucleus
4) Nucleolus

1

Prokaryotic cell contains membrane bound organelles (T/F)

F.

Ribosomes _____(are/are not) membrane bound organelles

are not

Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (T/F)

T

Ribosomes are present within
1) Chloroplast, RER
2) Chloroplast, mitochondria
3) Chloroplast, mitochondria, RER
4) Mitochondria, RER

3

Centrosome ______(is/is not) membrane bound

Is not

Mycoplasmas are ____ in length
1) 0.3 μm
2) 0.2 μm
3) 3 μm
4) 5 μm

1

Length of bacteria
1) 2-3 μm
2) 3-4 μm
3) 3-5 μm
4) 4-6 μm

3

Human RBC is 7 μm in
1) Length
2) Width
3) Radium
4) Diameter

4

Longest cells are
1) Nerve cells
2) Tracheids

1

Shape of cell may vary with
1) number of mitochondria present in them
2) Amount of cytoplasm
3) their function
4) arrangement on ER

3

Prokaryotic cells do not vary in shape and size (T/F)

F. They greatly vary.

The ______ of prokaryotic cell is fundamentally similar.
1) function
2) location
3) behaviour
4) organisation

4

All prokaryotic cells have a cell wall (T/F)

F. Mycoplasma don't

Genomic DNA of prokaryotic cells is
1) single-chromosome, circular
2) single-chromosomes, linear
3) double-chromosome, circular
4) double-chromosome, linear

1