Chapter 6 - Valuing and Storing Organizational Information -Databases

Primary Traits of Data

data type

data timeliness

data quality

data governance

Transactional Data

all data contained within a single business process or unit of work

primary purpose is support of daily operational tasks

Analytical Data

all organizational data

primary purpose is support of managerial analysis tasks

Real-Time Data

immediate, up-to-date data

Real-Time System

provides real-time data in response to requets

High-Quality Data Characteristics

accurate

complete

consistent

unique

timely

Data traps to avoid

data inconsistency

data integrity issues

Potential Business Effects Resulting from Low Quality Data

inability to accurately track customers

difficulty identifying valuable customers

inability to identify selling opportunites

marketing to nonexistent customers

difficulty tracking revenue

inability to build strong customer relationships

Data Governance

overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data

Master Data Management (MDM)

the practice of gathering data and ensuring it is uniform, accurate, consistent, and complete

Data Validation

tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance policies to ensure data correctness

Database

maintains data about various type of items

objects (inventory)

events (transactions)

people (employees)

places (warehouse)

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database

Data Element

the smallest or basic unit of data

Data Model

logical data structures detailing the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures

Metadata

details about data

Data Dictionary

complies all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model

Entity

a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which data is stored

the rows in a table

Attribute (field)

the data elements associated with an entity

the columns in a table

Record

a collection of related data elements

Primary Key

a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table

Foreign Key

a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables

Reasons using Rational Database

increased flexibility

increased scalability and performance

reduced data redundance

increased data integrity

increased data security