late medieval and early renaissance

Illusionism

making something appear different from what it is in nature.

Primary colors

red, yellow, blue

secondary

orange, green, purple

chiaroscuro

value contrasts or the distribution of light and dark tones

texture

tactile or visual surface characteristics

space 

actual space where a work exists

duecento

13th century in italy

trefoils

cloverlike ornamentation

trefoil arches

arches that incorporate the trefoil

sarcophagus

ornate coffins with reliefs carved in them

adoration of the shepherds

religious theme in art depicting shepherd paying homage to newborn jesus

maniera greca

italo-byzantine painting style in the 13th century

stigmata

marks resembling christ’s wounds

gold leaf

gold beaten into thin sheets and then applied

mendicants

largest and influential monastic orders that took vows of poverty and performed good deeds

tempera

paints created from egg combined with a wet paste of ground pigment

last judgment

a biblical event described as a day when jesus judges all of humanity

trecento

14th century in italy

renaissance

a period in europe that refers to the rebirth of art and culture

humanism

emphasis on education and expanding knowledge and the exploration of people’s potential

madonna

depictions of the virgin mary in christian art

grisaille

monochrome grays that are used for modeling

entry to jerusalem

an event in christianity where jesus rode into jerusalem

foreshortening

drawing or painting as if a figure is seen from an angle

buon fresco

frescos on freshly laid lime plaster

fresco secco

frescoes done on dried lime plaster 

hue

colors or shades

line

continuous mark made by a moving point

contour

only the shape of the form is drawn

color

hue, value, intensity

still life

drawing from a still composition

landscape

drawings of an expanse of land

period style

distinctive characteristics that are common to a specific time and culture

personal style

the unique way an individual stylizes certain things

subject

what is being depicted in a work

genre

a category of composition characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter

iconography

visual images and symbols used in a work of art

personification

the application of human traits to inanimate objects

form

three-dimensionality, either implied or real

composition

arrangement and organization of visual elements in a work

medium

the material an artist uses to create a work

technique

specific methods and skills an artist uses to create a work

value

lightness or darkness of a color

perspective

creating the illusion of 3d depth on a flat surface

proportion

the relationships between different elements in a composition

scale

the size of an object in relation to another object

altarpiece

work that decorates the space above and behind the altar in a church

Duomo

“cathedral”

illuminated manuscripts

books that feature elaborate decorations and illustrations

quatrefoil

four-lobed cloverlike shapes

ground plan

a top-down technical drawing showing the layout of a building’s ground floor

free-standing

sculptures that stand without supports

capital

the topmost member of a column

corinthian capitals

ornate capitals characterized by tall, bell-shaped design decorated with leaves and volutes.

predella

the lowest part of an altarpiece

terracotta

red-colored earthenware sculptures or articles

style

shared characteristics and techniques or an artist, group, or historical period

nativity

first told of the new testament gospels

crucifixion

the execution of a person by binding them to a cross

transfiguration

a significant transformation in form or appearance.

annunciation

the announcement of the Incarnation by the angel gabriel to mary

betrayal of jesus

an event in christianity where judas identifies jesus to authorities who wanted to kill him