Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)

standardized questionnaires completed directly by the patient to quantify symptoms, fx, and disability from the patient’s own perspective; establish a baseline at intake; and track meaningful change over the episode of care

Types of PROMs

Region specific

Red and Yellow flags

Pain

Generic/general health measures

Region-specific PROMs

target a particular body area or condition and are typically more responsive to change within that population

Examples of Region-specific PROMs

Neck disability index for the cervical spine (NDI)

Oswestry disability index for lumbar spine (ODI)

DASH/QuickDASH for UE (disability of arm, shoulder, and hand)

LE Functional Scale

Red and Yellow Flags PROMs

focus on the review of systems and screening of patients who may need referral or specific considerations

Examples of Red and Yellow Flag PROMs

OSPRO Review of Systems screening Tool

Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ)

Tampa Scale of Kinsiophopia (TSK-11) for ACL rehab

Pain PROMs

focus on quantification of pain or identification of pain phenotype

Examples of Pain PROMs

Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS)

DN4 Assessment Tool

PainDETECT

McGill Pain Questionnaire

Generic/general health measures PROMs

focus on the general assessment of patient’s health or functional abilities

Examples of generic/general health measures PROMs

Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS)

Global Rating of Change (GROC) Scale

Minimum clinically important difference (MCID)

the smallest change in score that patients or clinicians would consider meaningful, as opposed to statistically detectable but clinically trivial

Minimum detectable change (MDC)

the smallest change that exceeds measurement error noise

If a change is smaller than the MDC, what could this mean?

It cannot be confidently distinguished from measurement variability alone