systematics: MIDTERMS

R. Whittaker

who proposed five kingdom system: •Monera •Protista •Fungi •Plantae •Animalia

•Monera •Protista •Fungi •Plantae •Animalia

R. Whittaker proposed five kingdom system: _____?

Carl Woese

who divided Monera to Archeabacteria and Eubacteria

Monera

Carl Woese divided __ to Archeabacteria and Eubacteria

Archeabacteria and Eubacteria

Carl Woese divided Monera to ___ and _ ___

Kingdom Monera

Unicellular Organsims •Nucleus and cell organelles are absent.

Kingdom Monera

May or may not have cell wall •Autotrophic or heterotrophic

Kingdom Monera

Nitrogen fixation •Asexual reproduction

Kingdom Monera

ex: Bacteria, cyanobacteria and mycoplasma

round (coccus), rod (bacillus), spiral (spirilla)

what are the three basic shapes of bacteria?

Cyanobacteria

Photosynthetic •Nitrogen-fixing

Cyanobacteria

Can form association with plants and lichen •Moist soils and water

Kingdom Protista

The kingdom whose members are primarily unicellular eukaryotes.

Kingdom Protista

The kingdom characterized by organisms with a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Kingdom Protista

The kingdom that contains organisms capable of both autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

Kingdom Protista

The kingdom whose members may possess cilia or flagella for locomotion.

Kingdom Protista

The kingdom in which both sexual and asexual reproduction occur.

Kingdom Protista

The kingdom composed mostly of aquatic organisms.

Kingdom Protista

The kingdom to which protozoans belong.

Kingdom Fungi

The kingdom composed of eukaryotic organisms, and whose members are saprophytes.

Kingdom Fungi

The kingdom whose members are heterotrophic.

Kingdom Fungi

The kingdom characterized by a cell wall containing chitin.

Kingdom Fungi

The kingdom whose members may live in association with algae as lichens and with plants as mycorrhizae.

Kingdom Fungi

The kingdom in which some members have the ability to be multicellular.

Kingdom Fungi

The kingdom that includes yeast, mushrooms, and Rhizopus.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom composed of eukaryotic organisms, and whose members are multicellular.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom that includes all plant species.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom whose members are autotrophic.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom divided into five major groupings: Thallophytes •Bryophytes •Pteridophytes •Gymnosperms •Angiosperms

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom that includes thallophytes.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom that includes bryophytes.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom that includes pteridophytes.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom that includes gymnosperms.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom that includes angiosperms.

Kingdom Animalia

The kingdom composed of eukaryotic organisms, and whose members are multicellular and heterotrophic

Kingdom Animalia

The kingdom that is divided into different phyla: •Porifera-Echinodermata •Cnidaria-Protochordata •Platyhelminthes-Vertebrata •Nematoda •Annelida •Arthropoda •Mollusca

Kingdom Monera

The kingdom considered the oldest known microorganisms on Earth.

Kingdom Monera

The kingdom whose members reproduce by binary fission or budding.

Kingdom Monera

The kingdom characterized by a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

peptidoglycan

Kingdom Monera is characterized by a rigid cell wall made of __.

Kingdom Monera

The kingdom composed of prokaryotic organisms.

Archaebacteria

The group of Monerans that includes halophiles, thermoacidophiles, and methanogens.

Archaebacteria

The group of Monerans that includes organisms living in salty areas, hot springs, and marshy areas.

Archaebacteria

The group whose cell wall contains pseudomurein.

pseudomurein

Archaebacteria’s cell wall contains ___.

pseudomurein

is composed of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid.

Archaebacteria

The group whose members are mostly chemosynthetic autotrophs.

Archaebacteria

The group whose t-RNA and r-RNA nucleotide sequences are unique.

Halophiles

Salty Area

Thermoacidophiles

Hot Springs

Methanogens

Marshy Areas

Eubacteria

also known as "true bacteria."

Eubacteria

The group whose cell wall is rigid and made up of peptidoglycans.

Eubacteria

The bacterial group with capsules and slime layers as surface structures.

Eubacteria

The group whose movement is possible through flagella.

Eubacteria

The bacterial group that possesses pili, which aid in sexual reproduction and attachment to the host.

Pili

which aid in sexual reproduction and attachment to the host.

Eubacteria

The bacterial group whose members may be heterotrophs, autotrophs, or chemotrophs.

Eubacteria

The bacterial group classified into Gram-positive and Gram-negative categories.

Gram-positive

The type of eubacterial cell wall composed of 90% peptidoglycan.

Gram-positive

The type of cell wall that contains teichoic acid.

Gram-positive

The cell wall in which teichoic acid provides the negative charge of the outer wall.

Gram-negative

The type of eubacterial cell wall with 10% peptidoglycan.

Gram-negative

The type of cell wall that contains a periplasm with enzymes for nutrient acquisition, transport, and energy conservation.

Gram-negative

The type of cell wall with an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Teichoic acid

polymers of glycerol or ribitoljoined by phosphate group; provides the negative charge of the outer wall.

90%

the gram-positive cell wall of eubacteria has how many percent of peptidoglycan

10%

the gram-negative cell wall of eubacteria has how many percent of peptidoglycan

Periplasm

contains enzymes for nutrient acquisition, transport and energy conservation

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

the outer membrane of the gram-positive cell wall of eubacteria consist of what

Capsules & Slime Layers

The eubacterial cell surface structures composed of polysaccharide layers.

Capsules & Slime Layers

The cell surface structures of eubacteria that assist in attachment.

Capsules & Slime Layers

The cell surface structures of eubacteria that resist desiccation.

Capsules & Slime Layers

The cell surface structures of eubacteria that may be toxic.

Capsules & Slime Layers

The cell surface structures of eubacteria that can serve as a source of nutrition.

Fimbriae

The eubacterial cell surface structures that are filamentous protein structures.

Fimbriae

The cell surface structures of eubacteria that enable organisms to stick to surfaces or form pellicles.

Pili

The eubacterial cell surface structure that is longer than fimbriae.

Pili

The cell surface structure of eubacteria involved in surface attachment and is longer than fimbriae.

Pili

The cell surface structure of eubacteria that facilitates conjugation and genetic exchange between cells.

Monococci

Spherical or oval bacterial cells occurring single

Cocci

Spherical or oval cells

Diplococci

Spherical or oval bacterial cells occurring in pairs.

Staphylococci

Spherical or oval bacterial cells arranged in grape-like clusters.

Streptococci

Spherical or oval bacterial cells arranged in chains.

tetrad

Spherical or oval bacterial cells arranged in groups of four.

sarcina

Spherical or oval bacterial cells arranged in groups of eight.

Bacilli

rod-shape

diplobacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria occurring in pairs.

streptobacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria occurring in chains.

palisades

Rod-shaped bacteria arranged in palisades.

coccobacilli

Short, oval rod-shaped bacteria.

Spirochaetes

The bacterial morphology characterized by long, slender, non-branched spiral-shaped cells with several coils.

Mycoplasmas

The bacterial morphology that lacks a cell wall, and is highly pleomorphic and of indefinite shape.

Mycoplasmas

The bacterial morphology with round or oval bodies and interlacing filaments.

Rickettsiae & Chlamydiae

The group of eubacteria that are very small obligate parasites.

Rickettsiae & Chlamydiae

The group of eubacteria that are closely related to viruses.

Capsule

The anatomical feature present in Streptococcus pneumoniae but absent in Viridans streptococci.

Capsule

The anatomical feature used to distinguish capsulate from non-capsulate bacteria.

Capsulate

what anatomical feature is present in -Streptococcus pnumoniae