Chapter 20 lecture review

Where does fertilization occur

Uterine tubes

Fertilization results in a diploid cell called what

Zygote

How many sperm can fertilize an egg

One

Movement of sperm toward an oocyte

Urethra, vagina, cervix, uterus, uterine tube

Term for sperm cell joins with secondary oocyte to form diploid zygote

Fertilization

First stage of embryonic development after fertilization

Period of cleavage

Formation of blastomeres, morula, blastocyst. Blastocyst travel to uterus and prepare for implantation.

Major events of cleavage

Where the blastocyst attaches to and burrows into the uterine lining

Implantation

Extraembryonic membrane- Amniotic sac and fluid

Amnion

Extraembryonic membrane- Placenta

Chorion

Extraembryonic membrane- Blood cell formation

Yolk sac

Extraembryonic membrane- Umbilical cord and bladder

Allantosis

Stages of early human prenatal development

Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyst, gastrula

Small cells produced by the first mitotic divisions of the zygote

Blastomeres

A solid ball of 16-32 blastomeres

Morula

A fluid filled ball or cells with an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast

Blastocyst

Stage of embryonic development where embryo changes from 2 layers to 3

Gastrulation

Primary germ layer- Exterior, skin and nervous system

Ectoderm

Primary germ layer- Middle, muscles, bones, heart, blood, kidneys, and reproductive organs

Mesoderm

Primary germ layer- Inside, lining of digestive tract, respiratory tract, liver, pancreas

Endoderm

Time stamp of fetal stage development- Distinguish male or female

12 weeks

Name for embryo at the end of the 8th week

Fetus

Time stamp of fetal stage development- Lower limbs lengthen, skeleton ossify

4th month

Time stamp of fetal stage development- Growth slows, mom feels fetus, hair appears, epithelial cells and sebum cover skin.

5th month

Time stamp of fetal stage development- Fetus gains weight, eyebrows and lids form, skin is wrinkled, translucent, and reddish.

6th month

Time stamp of fetal stage development- Subcutaneous fat deposits, skin smooths, eyelids open

7th month

Time stamp of fetal stage development- Brain cells form rapidly, organs grown and mature, Fetus increase in size

Final trimester

Progesterones role in birth

Inhibits uterine contractions

Prostaglandins role in birth

Promote uterine contractions

Oxytocin role in birth process

Released by stretching uterine tissues

Prolactin role in milk production

Stimulates production

Thin fluid that contains protein and anitbodies

Colostrum

Cell death

Apoptosis