Cell Anatomy and Physiology Review Flashcards

What are the four primary elements that compose most cells?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.

How many cells are in the human body, and what percentage of a cell is water?

The human body has 50-100 trillion cells, and cells are 60% water.

What are the four statements of the Cell Theory?

1. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. 2. The activity of an organism depends on the collective activities of its cells. 3. The biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their structure which determines their function (Principle of Complementarity). 4. Continuity of life has a cellular basis.

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in cell wall composition and nucleus presence?

Prokaryotic cells have cell walls containing peptidoglycan and have no nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have cell walls containing chitin (when present) and contain a nucleus.

What three main structural parts make up a generalized cell?

Plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.

What components make up the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Two layers of phospholipids arranged tail to tail, cholesterol, proteins, and glycolipids.

How are phospholipids arranged in the plasma membrane based on their chemical properties?

Hydrophilic polar heads are oriented on the inner and outer