Water origin (1)

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Chemistry

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24 Terms

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What is heavy water made from

Deuterium

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What is deuterium
Isotope of hydrogen used in nuclear plants
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How is the hydrogen bond formed
dipole-dipole
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Why does ice have a higher volume
Crystal structure, hexagonal ice
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By how much does ice volume increase
9%
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What and how many forms of ice are there?
19 forms in total, 16 crystalline and 3 amorphous
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How is the density of ice compared to liquid water
ice has lower density
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What temperature is maximum density at
4 degrees
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Why are circulation periods important
Circulation of compounds and biotic part of ecosystem
Circulation of compounds and biotic part of ecosystem
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Epilimnion
Top layer of water in the summer, holding circulation. Photosynthesis
Top layer of water in the summer, holding circulation. Photosynthesis
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Metalimnion or thermocline
stagnation layer, water does not move here in the summer, most O2 concentration here
stagnation layer, water does not move here in the summer, most O2 concentration here
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Hypolimnion
Bottom layer of water in the summer, holds circulation in opposite direction than the epilimnion. Respiration and decomposition
Bottom layer of water in the summer, holds circulation in opposite direction than the epilimnion. Respiration and decomposition
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What happens in the autumn and spring with the water in a lake?
Overturn - happens when the top layer cools down to the temperature of the layers below
Overturn - happens when the top layer cools down to the temperature of the layers below
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What happens in winter with the layers in a lake?
The top layer is ice, right below the water is around 0 degrees and 4 degrees tp the bottom. At the very bottom there is very little effective circulation.
The top layer is ice, right below the water is around 0 degrees and 4 degrees tp the bottom. At the very bottom there is very little effective circulation.
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Amicitic lake
Ice covered year-round
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Cold monomictic
Water temperature never exceed 4 degrees, one circulation period in summer
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Dimictic
Circulation in spring and autumn, stagnation in summer and stratification in winter
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Warm monomictic
Not ice covered, one free circulation in winter at 4 degrees and stratified for the rest of the year
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Oligomictic
Stratified much of the year but cool sometimes to circulate - irregularly, no ice
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Polymictic
Frequent periods of circulation, no ice
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Name the types of lakes
Amicitic, Cold monomictic, Dimictic, Warm monomictic, Oligomictic, Polymictic
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What type of molecules does water dissolve?
Polar molecules
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What is water solubility dependent on
Mineralisation of inorganic and organic substances
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Mpemba effect
Hot water can freeze sooner than cold water