Science Semi-Finals Exam

Robert hooke

Discovered tiny compartments in a thin slice of cork, which he called “cells”

Robert brown

Studied in detail and described the nucleus as a constant component of cells

Felix dujardin

Discovered the protoplasm that fills the entire cell, and which is actively flowing or streaming

Hugo von mohl

Discovered and described the chloroplasts

Albert von kölliker

Discovered mitochondria

Matthias schleiden

Examined several plant parts and concluded “all plants are made up of cells”

Theodore schwann

Examined several animal parts and concluded, “all animals are made up of cells”

Rudolf virchow

Discovered the process of cell division and proposed that “cells come from the division of pre-existing cells”

Walter flemming

Discovered asters and chromatins in a dividing cell

Pierre Joseph van beneden

Discovered another type of cell division as he was observing the egg cell and sperm cells of worms. This cell division is now known as meiosis

Camillo golgi

Discovered the golgi apparatus while studying the cross-section of a spinal cord

Emilio veratti

Discovered the endoplasmic reticulum while observing a striated muscle cell

Johannes rhodin

Discovered microbodies from the kidney cells of mice

Dr Christian de duve

Discovered the lysosome while studying the action of insulin on liver cells. He described it as saclike and surrounded by hydrolases

Dr Christian de duve

Isolated microbodies from the liver of a rat and renaming microbodies to peroxisomes because of their high content of hydrogen peroxide-metabolizing enzymes

Cell wall

It is a nonliving component composed of cellulose, a polysaccharide

Cell wall

It provides mechanical support and maintains cell shape in plant cells

Plasma membrane

It is flexible and elastic. It is composed of double layers of phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and steriods

Plasma membrane

It is selectively permable; it regulates the entry and exit of materials

Mitochondrion

It is a double-membrane structure; the inner membrane is folded, forming cristae. It is also known as the “powerhouse of the cell”

Mitochondrion

It provides energy for the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Vacuole

It is a compartment covered by a single membrane called tonoplast

Vacuole

It stores water, food, or waste for the cells

Golgi apparatus

It is the stack of single membranes that are connected to the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

It stores packages, and secretes materials; it is also involved in the processing and modification of proteins

Cytoplasm

It is the complex fluid that fills the cell. The outer cytoplasm (exoplasm) is gel-like, whereas the inner cytoplasm is fluid (sol-like) the fluid part is capable of streaming (cyclosis)

Cytoplasm

It is the matrix of the different cellular organelles. It allows the distribution of materials throughout the cell because of cyclosis

Nuclear membrane

A double-layered membrane encloses the nucleus. The outer membrane is porous

Nuclear membrane

It separates the nuclear contents from the contents of the cytoplasm

Nucleolus

It is the dense, spherical body inside the nucleus. It contains the nucleic acid rna

Nucleolus

It is responsible for the synthesis of rna and the production of ribosomes

Nucleoplasm

It is the gel-like material that fills the nucleus

Nucleoplasm

It functions as the matrix of the chromosomes and nucleolus

Chromosomes

These are highly coiled structures that form a network over the nucleoplasm

Chromosomes

These units carry genes responsible for transmitting hereditary characteristics

Nucleus

It is the spherical body that is composed of organelles 7 to 10

Nucleus

It is the control center of the cell as it directs and coordinates all cellular activities

Endoplasmic reticulum

It is the network of channels that is composed of a single membrane that may be bumpy if it contains ribosomes (rough er) or smooth (ser) if it does not contain ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

It is a double-membrane structure that may be smooth or may contain ribosomes

Chloroplast

It is a double membrane structure that contains chlorophyll pigments

Chloroplast

It contains a green pigment called chlorophyll for plants and aids in photosynthesis

Centrioles

These are two small rods that lie at right angles to each other. Each rod is surrounded by tiny microtubules arranged like the spokes of a wheel

Centrioles

It forms the spindle fibers during cell division and functions as the anchor for the cytoskeletons

Lysosome

It is the single-membrane compartment containing powerful hydrolytic enzymes. It is referred to as the “suicide bag” of the cell

Lysosome

It is responsible for breaking down cellular waste