Fractures and Bone Healing cards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering bone structure, cells, remodeling, laws, and fracture classifications from the lecture on Fractures and Bone Healing.

Type I Collagen

The major organic component of bone making up 90% of its dry weight and providing tensile strength.

Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Hydroxyapatite

The principal inorganic component of bone tissue.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells located on the bony surface that synthesize Type I collagen and oversee synthesis, deposition, and mineralization of bone.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that make up 90% of bone and control extracellular concentrations of calcium and phosphorus.

Osteoclasts

Bone resorption cells responsible for replacing and remodeling up to 10% of bone per year.

Bone Cell Lineage

Diagram illustrating the relationship between osteogenic stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.

Woven Bone

Weak, fragile, immature bone found in embryological newborns, fracture repair calluses, and pathologies such as bone cancer.

Lamellar Bone

Normal, mature, remodeled bone with highly organized collagen layers that begins forming around 1 month after birth and makes up most of the skeleton by age 4.

Cortical Bone

Dense, compact bone that makes up 80% of the skeleton, located mainly at the diaphysis of long bones and composed of osteons.

Cancellous Bone

Spongy, light, and elastic bone making up 20% of the skeleton, located at the metaphysis of long bones, vertebrae, and cuboid bones.

Long Bone Anatomy

Anatomical comparison showing growing long bone with epiphyseal growth plates versus mature long bone with epiphyseal lines, alongside compact and spongy bone structures.

Bone Remodeling Structure

Cross-sectional illustration showing bone remodeling layers including periosteum, compact bone, endosteum, and medullary cavity.

Bone Remodeling

Lifelong process of cellular turnover on bone surfaces responding to mechanical stresses such as torsion, bending, compression, and tension.

Wolff's Law

Law stating that bone adapts to the loads placed upon it, becoming thicker and stronger in response to increased stress and weaker in response to decreased stress.

Piezoelectric Charge

Electromechanical effect where compression creates a negative charge stimulating osteoblast activity, and tensile stress creates a positive charge stimulating osteoclastic activity.

Hueter-Volkmann Law

Law applying to growth plates in pediatric populations where compression forces limit bone growth and tensile stress stimulates growth.

Fracture

An abnormal disruption in the continuity of bone, epiphyseal plate, or cartilaginous joint surface.

Transverse Fracture

A fracture pattern characterized by a horizontal fracture line straight across the bone.

Spiral Fracture

A fracture configuration caused by torsion or rotational injury.

Impacted Fracture

A fracture caused by long-axis compression driving bone fragments into one another.

Comminuted Fracture

A fracture configuration where more than two bone fragments are present.

Open Fracture

Also known as a compound fracture; a fracture associated with an open wound in the skin or soft tissue communicating directly with the fracture site.

Closed Fracture

Also known as a simple fracture; a fracture that does not produce an open wound in the skin.

Typical Bone Fracture Configurations

Illustrations displaying greenstick, spiral, comminuted, transverse, compound, and vertebral compression fracture configurations.

Displaced and Non-displaced Fracture Types

Diagram depicting transverse, oblique nondisplaced, oblique displaced, spiral, greenstick, and comminuted fractures.

Hangman's Fracture

Specific fracture term describing a fracture of the C2 vertebra / neck.

Boxer's Fracture

Specific fracture term referring to a fracture of the hand.

Colles Fracture

Specific fracture term describing a fracture of the wrist.

March Fracture

Specific fracture term referring to a stress fracture of the foot.

Jones Fracture

Specific fracture term referring to a fracture of the foot.

Avulsion Fracture

A fracture where a small piece of bone breaks off pulled away by an attached tendon or ligament.

Salter-Harris Type I

A transverse fracture passing straight through the physis (growth plate).

Salter-Harris Type II

A fracture through the physis extending into the metaphysis; commonly seen in radius fractures.

Salter-Harris Type III

An intraarticular fracture involving the physis and extending into the epiphysis.

Salter-Harris Type IV

A fracture passing through the epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis.

Salter-Harris Type V

A crush or compression injury to the physis.

Buckle Fracture

An incomplete fracture causing bending or deformation of the cortex on one side of the bone, common in children due to bone flexibility.

Greenstick Fracture

An incomplete fracture characterized by a linear fracture through one cortical surface and flexing deformation on the opposite side.

Primary Bone Repair

Direct cortical healing without a callus stage where bone ends reestablish continuity directly, typically seen with rigid fixation like Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF).