Gastrointestinal System

protein needed for an older adult is __g/kg body weight

1

caloric need for an older adult is __cal/kg body weight

35

odler adults have ________ due to decreased taste and smell

decreased appetite

older adults have _________ taste and smell

decreased

older adults have a _______ of the oral muscularutre

weakening

weakening of the oral musculature lead to what

decreased ability to chew

________ physical activity

decreased

decreased PA leads to what _______ stimulation

decreased appetite

malnutrition leads to what

development of chronic diseases

T/F: nutrition influences all systems

true

oral cavity aging includes all of these except what: decreased secretions of mucus membranes and salivary glands, tongue numbness, loosening of teeth, periodontal bone loss, difficulty moving bolus around

tongue numbness

esophageal aging includes: decreased motility, delayed opening/closing of the LES, inflammation in esophagus, and _______

GERD

gastric aging includes: decreased acids, enzymes, and ________; atrophic gastritis; increased incidence of _____; and _________ (increased or decreased) mucosal secretions

intrinsic factor; PUD; decreased

Small intestine aging includes: decreased blood supply to gut, overgrowth bacteria, decreased absorption, decreased calcium absorption, decline in mucosal immune system – Payer’s cells

Large intestine aging includes: aging of _______ muscle with invasion _______ tissue, decreased _____, increased constipation, development of diverticulitis/diverticulosis, increased risk of colon cancer and _______ colitis (due to vascular aging/decreased angiogenesis and decreased VEGF)

smooth; fibrous; motility; ischemic

Liver aging includes: ________ size and weight, decreased ________, decreased perfusion, decrease rate of ______ synthesis, decreased clearance of _____ through liver, diminished ability to respond to drug therapy or to meet physiological demands of disease, increased ________, increased fibrotic, non functional, tissue; decreased hepatic blood flow, _______ liver regeneration following resection

decreased; hepatocytes; protein; drugs; lipofuscin; delayed

we have ______ lipofuscin in the liver

increased

Pancreatic aging includes: decreased _______ production, increased risk of _________ and pancreatic cancer, _______ in size/weight; development of ____________ and duct hyperplasia

insulin; pancreatitis; decrease; lobular fibrosis

Gallbladder aging: increased risk of ________, decline in _______ synthesis (results in increased _______ due to cholesterol buildup)

gallstones; bile acid; CAD (coronary artery disease)

older adults need to monitor ___, ________ risks, and ________ status

BMI, immobility, nutritional

BMI that is considered underweight

<18.5

BMI that is considered normal

18.5-24.9

BMI that is considered overweight

25.0-29.9

BMI that is considered morbidly obese

>40

decreased fluid intake, decreased intestinal motility, poor bathroom habits, and irregular eating causes what

fecal impaction

aging immune system component in the small intesine

payers cells

increased risk of ________ in the large intestine

diverticulitis

the _____ has a decreased ability to respond to drug synthesis

liver

the aging pancreas has ________ glucose intolerance and ________ insulin secretion

increased; decreased

the small intestine has a decreased ability to absorb what

vitamin D, B12, and folic acid

risks for malnutrition

decreased appetite, decreased ability to chew, geographical isolation

MNA are…

screenings for nutritional health (mini nutritional assessment)

aging of the oral cavity (3 mains)

loss of teeth, muscle weakness, decreased salivary flow

decreased _____ in the large intestine

motility

decreased VEGF leads to decreased blood supply in the small intestine

this is called what

angiogenesis decreasing

______ gastritis is common where

atrophic; stomach

malnutrition can be managed via what

oral liquid supplementation

nutritional needs in the elderly in relation to protein are as follows

1 g/kg body weight

deleterious aspects of aging impact nutritional intake. they include all but the following

BMI within normal limits

an example of oral cavity aging is which of the following

weakness in oral musculature due to loss of lean muscle mass

esophageal aging is identified by all but the following

normal entry of food into the stomach

stomach aging is identified by the following

decreased hydrochloric acid and digestive enzyme production

small intestine aging includes all of the following except

resistance to bacterial overgrowth

one of the primary symptoms of large intestine aging that the patient identifies is constipation due to slowed motility; additional aging deficits include all but the following

the unchanged awareness/detection of anorectal distention

liver aging also impacts the health of the GI system. these normal aging changes include which of the following:

decreased rate of protein synthesis

the pancreas serves many important functions in the management of diabetes. the pancreatic aging changes include all but the following

weight and appearance of the pancreas remain stable as one ages

Malnutrition in the elderly is a part of the slippery slope of the Geriatric Syndrome and also plays a role in the development of frailty (10 pound weight loss in 1 year). The aging of the GI system impacts the elderly adult's health and wellness, and these include all but the following:

no effect

______ has decreased motility and a delay of the lower sphincter

esophagus

stomach has increased risk of atrophic gastritis and _________ acid production

decreased

small intestine has _______ blood supply

decreased

__________ has decreased blood supply

small intestine

_______ has decreased motility, constipation, and diverticular disease

large intestine

__________ contributes to chronic disease

malnutrition

isolation and depression lead to what

decreased appetite stimulation

malnutrition and ______ are a slippery slope to geriatric syndrome and frailty

immobility

prevalence of malnutrition in nursing home residents can be as high as ___%

65%

normal BMI is what

18.5-24.9