HELMINTHS CA2
Ascaris Lumbricoides
Female > Male
Male curled ventrally tail, Female straight tapered tail
Ascaris Lumbricoides ova
Left is fertilized (smaller), right is unfertilized (larger, oval)
Bile stained Ascaris Lumbricoides ova
Ascaris Lumbricoides ova
Left is decorticated ova, 2 layers (no albumin layer), Right is corticated 3 layers
Trichuris Trichirua
Head smaller than posterior, male has spicule
Trichuris Trichirua ova
Rugby shaped, polar plug at both ends, bile stained
Hookworm ova
Thin egg shell, not bile stained, cannot differentiate between species
Hookworm filariform larva
Sharp tail end, infective
Hookworm rhabditiform larva
Shorter and stouter than filariform
Strongyloides stercoralis filariform
Elongated, longer than hookwork, notched end, infective
Strongyloides stercoralis filariform
Enterobius vermicularis female adult
Larger than male, tail straight and pointed, cervical alae at head
Enterobius vermicularis cervical alae
Enterobius vermicularis ova
Planoconvex (one side flat the other convex), thin transparent egg shell
Enterobius vermicularis ova with scotch tape technique
Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria
Body nuclei discrete, no terminal nuclei, sheated, Cephalic space ratio 1:1
Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria
Giemsa staining
Brugia malayi microfilaria
Cephalic space ratio 2:1, body nuclei overlap, 2 terminal nuclei on each end
Brugia malayi microfilaria terminal nuclei
Feature of the Brugia genus
Brugia malayi nocturnal microfilaria terminal nuclei
Lose their sheath (50-80%)
Onchocerca volvulus microfilaria
Subcutaneous filariasis, unsheathed, bulbous head, not in blood but skin and eye, river blindness
Taenia solium Scolex
4 suckers. dome shaped rostellum, 2 rows of hooks
Taenia saginata scolex
4 suckers with no hooks
Taenia mature proglottid
Male and female organs located centrally, genetial pores on lateral.
Taenia solium gravid proglottid
Branching lateral uterus: 7-10 branches on each side
Taenia saginata gravid proglottid
Longer than solium, 15-30 branches each side
Echinococcus granulosus adult
Scolex (4 suckers, 2 hooks), neck, immature and mature proglotids
Hymenolepis nana scolex and mature proglotid
Scolex: 1 row of hooks, 4 suckers
Hymenolepis nana cysticercoid (larva)
Invaginated scolex, tail points posteriorly
Diphyllidium caninum scolex and gravid proglotid
Scolex: 4 suckers, 3-4 rows of hooks
Diphyllbothrium latum
Scolex: 2 bothria at dorsal and ventral, spatula shaped. Mature proglotid with 2 lobbed ovary, a lot of testis, follicle shaped vitelaria gland, short coiled uterus.
Pleurocercoid of Diphyllidium latum
Not fully differentiated scolex
Cysticercus cellulose, Taenia solium larval stage
Elongated sac with protoscolex and fluid, 2 rows of hooks can be seen at apical rostellum
Hidatid cyst, Echinococcus granulosus larval stage
3 layer wall, germinal, laminated, host tissue
Diphyllidium caninum ova
Capsulated, congregration of eggs in membranous sac capsule
Taenia spp. ova
Round thick shell with radiating striation, cannot differentiate between species
Hymenolepis nana ova
Oval translucent, both poles have papillate and fine filaments
Diphyllobothrium ova
Oval, operculated, small knob on one end
Fasciola hepatica adult
2 suckers
Clonorchis sinesis adult
Fasciolopsis buski adult
Paragonimus westermani adult
Oval, coffee bean shape, thorny integument, caecum unbranched, testes with lobes at posterior, ventral sucker in middle
Schistosoma mansoni male and female adult
Male larger and stouter with 8 testes, female thinner with fine cuticle
Schistosoma japonicum adult and head end
Schistosoma cercaria
Elongated with forked terminal tail, penetrate skin
Cercaria of other trematodes
Unforked tail
Schistosoma mansoni ova
Oval with lateral spine
Schistosoma japonicum ova
Spherical, lateral knob
Schistosoma haematobium ova
Oval, terminal spine
Fasciola hepatica ova
Oval thin shelled, opercullum inapparent
Clonorchis sinensis ova
Anterior operculum with shoulder
Fasciolopsis buski ova
Oval, thin shell, operculated
Paragonimus westermani ova
Brownish, thick shell, operculated
Metacercaria of trematode
Infective, encysted cercaria, round/oval with cercaria inside