Visual problems and eye infections

refraction

eye's ability to bend light rays to they fall on retina

refractive error

when light does not focus properly and see issues

myopia

nearsightedness- see close but not far

hyperopia

farsightedness- see far but not close

presbyopia

loss of accommodation d/t age

astigmatism

uneven or irregular curvature of cornea

hordeolum (Sty)

small superficial white nodule along lid, infection of meibomian (oil) gland

chalazion

chronic inflammatory granuloma of meibomian gland

management of herdeolum/chalazion

warm moist compress 4x day, abx ointment if severe

conjunctivitis

infection/inflammation of conjunctiva, bacterial or viral, allergy

what can help prevent spread of conjunctivitis

hand washing, disposable towels

bacterial conjunctivitis

pink eye- staph, causes discomfort, red, drainage

bacterial conjunctivitis management

self-limiting often, abx drops shorten course

viral conjunctivitis s/s

tearing, foreign body sensation, red, photophobia

viral conjunctivitis management

self-limiting often, topical corticosteroids for symptoms in severe cases

conjunctivitis- chlamydia s/s

mucopurulent eye discharge, irritation, redness, lid swell

conjunctivitis- chlamydia management

abx therapy, treat bc causes blindness

allergic conjunctivitis

exposure to allergy- burning, redness, tearing

allergic conjunctivitis management

artificial tears, topical antihistamine and corticosteroids

keratitis

inflammation/infection of cornea

cornea

clear, round dome that covers eyes, iris, pupil

etiology of keratitis

bacterial (staph), viral, fungi, amoeba

huge complication of keratitis

corneal ulcer

corneal ulcer

tissue loss caused by corneal infection creates ulcer

corneal ulcer s/s

pain, foreign body sensation, tearing, purulent/water discharge, redness, photophobia

treatment for corneal ulcers

abx, antiviral, antifungal drops- aggressive to avoid blindness

untreated corneal ulcer

scarring and perforation or hole in cornea causing blindness

dry eye disorder- keratoconjunctivitis sicca

decrease in quality/quantity of tear film causing irritation, sand sensation in eye

etiology of keratoconjunctivitis sicca

older adults, systemic autoimmune diseases

treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca

artificial tears or ointment, cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion (increases eyes ability to make tears)