Overview of the Human Genome Project

Human Genome Project (HGP)

International initiative mapping all human genes.

Launch Year

Initiated in 1990, completed in 2003.

Goals of HGP

Identify genes, understand disease connections, sequence DNA.

Physical Map

Shows physical features of DNA in chromosomes.

Genetic Map

Displays gene locations on a genome.

International Consortium

Collaboration of 20 institutions across multiple countries.

RFLP

Genetic marker using DNA cutting enzymes.

DNA Sequencing

Process of determining DNA base pair order.

Shotgun Sequencing

Method of sequencing DNA by random fragments.

Sanger Sequencing

Traditional method using chain-terminating inhibitors.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)

Variations at a single base pair in DNA.

Applications of HGP

Includes disease research, personalized medicine, and more.

Ethical Considerations

Addressing implications of genetic research on society.

ELSI

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of HGP.

Genetic Testing

Analyzing DNA for genetic disorders or traits.

Gene Therapy

Treatment aiming to correct defective genes.

Pharmacogenomics

Study of how genes affect drug response.

Forensic Science

Application of genetics in legal investigations.

Public Health

Using genetic data to improve community health.

Genomic Research

Study of genomes for scientific advancements.

Genetic Privacy

Protection of individual genetic information.

Informed Consent

Agreement to participate in research with full knowledge.

Genetic Discrimination

Unfair treatment based on genetic information.

Genetic Variation

Differences in DNA among individuals.

Disease Gene Identification

Linking specific genes to particular diseases.