Computer Fundamental and Programming - Problem Solving and Programming Life Cycle

Vocabulary flashcards covering C++ problem-solving steps, program execution definitions, ATM case study concepts, and the six steps of the Programming Life Cycle based on the lecture slides.

Initialize Memory Variables

The first step in C++ problem-solving, which involves declaring and allocating memory for the variables that will be used in the program.

Get Input

The second step in C++ problem-solving, involving reading user input, usually from the console.

Validate

The third step in C++ problem-solving, which checks if input is within acceptable ranges and ensures the correct input format for numeric operations.

Store Values to Memory Variables

The fourth step in C++ problem-solving, where input values are stored into previously declared variables.

Perform Computation and Decision Making

The fifth step in C++ problem-solving, which executes required mathematical calculations and decision logic based on the input.

Error Handling

The sixth step in C++ problem-solving, implementing strategies like try-catch blocks to manage unexpected situations such as invalid input or division by zero.

Output the Required Values

The final step in C++ problem-solving, which displays the calculated results to the user.

Program

A set of step-by-step instructions that directs a computer to perform a specific task and produce the required results.

Programming

The process of designing or creating a program.

Programmer

A person who writes the program.

Input (Program Execution)

The process of entering data, programs, and instructions into the computer system using input devices.

Process (Program Execution)

The stage where the CPU processes raw data into usable information for the user.

Output (Program Execution)

Raw data that has been processed by the computer into results and converted into an understandable form before being displayed or printed.

Card Insertion

The initial ATM input step where an ATM card is inserted into the designated slot, allowing the card reader to verify authenticity and magnetic strip data.

PIN Entry

The ATM input step where a user enters their personal identification number to ensure only the authorized cardholder accesses the account.

Data Transmission

The ATM processing step where the ATM sends card details and PIN to the bank's central server for verification.

Authorization

The ATM processing step where the server checks card validity, verifies the PIN, and authorizes the transaction if funds are available.

Response

The ATM processing step where the bank's server sends a confirmation message back to the ATM indicating transaction status.

Cash Dispensing

An ATM output step where the requested amount of cash is counted and dispensed securely from the internal vault if approved.

Receipt Printing

An ATM output step that prints a record detailing transaction details such as date, time, amount, and account balance.

Cycle

Refers to the need to replace an old program with a new program, restarting the development process.

Programming Life Cycle

A framework or discipline that uses specific techniques needed in computer programming development.

Problem Analysis

Step 1 of the programming life cycle, which describes in detail a solution to a problem by identifying input, required output, and relevant processes.

Program Design

Step 2 of the programming life cycle, defining the framework or flow of the problem solution using algorithms or pseudocode.

Algorithm

A sequence of instructions to solve a problem written in human language that yields a solution if correct procedures are followed.

Pseudocode

Steps in problem solving written in a combination of programming language code and human language/English-like phrases.

Program Coding

Step 3 of the programming life cycle, involving writing the solution in a specific programming language such as C, C++, or COBOL.

Testing

A process within Step 4 of the programming life cycle using sample data sets to discover errors and ensure program accuracy.

Bug

An error in a program.

Debugging

The process of identifying and correcting bugs in a program.

Syntax Error

A grammatical compile-time error that occurs when programming language rules are violated, which can be traced by the compiler during compilation.

Logic Error

A run-time error that cannot be traced by the compiler and occurs when the program executes but produces incorrect output.

Maintenance

Step 5 of the programming life cycle, involving activities to verify that an operational system performs as planned or is modified to meet updated requirements.

Documentation

Step 6 of the programming life cycle, consisting of a written report or graphic record detailing all development steps carried out for future reference and modification.