Normal Phonological Development: Speech Sound Disorders

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on normal phonological development and speech sound disorders, including stages of vocalization, auditory skills, speech production milestones, and phonological processes.

What changes occur in the respiratory system of an infant?

The lungs are large compared to the size of the infant, with only 1/3 to ½ of all alveoli present and a high level of subglottal pressure.

At what age does the respiratory system continue to grow until?

The respiratory system continues to grow until the age of 7 or 8 years.

What happens to the tongue in the oral cavity as an infant grows?

The tongue becomes proportionate to the mandible, lip, and velar movements allowing for speech.

When does a baby begin to hear voices and recognize them?

A baby begins to hear voices by gestational week 25 and may recognize those voices as early as week 27.

What are the first sounds an infant produces reflexively?

Crying, coughing, and sneezing.

What is the first stage of Oller's stages of vocalization?

Stage 1: Phonation, occurring from birth to 2 months, primarily involving reflexive vocalizing.

What defines Stage 3 of Oller’s stages of vocalization?

Stage 3: Expansion, from 3-8 months, involving vocal play like squeals, yells, and babbling.

What characterizes Stage 4 in Oller’s Stages?

Stage 4: Canonical babbling stage, from 5-10 months, featuring reduplicated babbling with CV strings.

What is a significant milestone in speech production during the first 50-word stage?

Children typically express around 50 words and understand about 200 words.

What does prosody refer to in speech development?

Prosody relates to how something is said, including pitch and loudness that influence meaning.

What are some common phonological processes used by children?

Common processes include final consonant deletion, cluster reduction, weak syllable deletion, and substitutions like stopping or fronting.

What is the significance of 2-word combinations in speech development?

Contrastive stress develops, where one syllable will contain more stress than the other syllable.

What is morphophonology?

The study of how an allophone, rooted in a phoneme, becomes an allomorph to manipulate meanings of words.

What does phonological awareness entail?

The knowledge that words are made up of sounds, including skills like rhyming, alliteration, and sound blending.

What is phonological memory?

The ability to code phonological information for temporary storage in working memory for immediate recall.