Introduction to OB

What is the feral lie based on the anatomy showed?

Vertex spine up

What is the feral lie based on the anatomy showed?

Breech spine down

What is the feral lie based on the anatomy showed?

Breech spine up

What is the feral lie based on the anatomy showed?

Vertex spine down

In a fetus with dextrocardia (heart pointed to right), at what o'clock would the heart be pointing in a spine-up, vertex fetus?

7:00

What is the normal fetal presentation in the third trimester?

Vertex

This fetus is lying on its back and is vertex. The heart position is?

Abnormal

Vertex fetus. The findings are consistent with?

situs inversus below diaphragm

What is TRUE about intrauterine fetal demise?

Maceration is distortion/disruption of fetal tissues

What is NOT a risk factor for intrauterine fetal death?

Female gender

What are the five stages of grief in order?

1. Denial

2. Anger

3. Bargaining

4. Depression

5. Acceptance

What are the four principles of medical ethics?

Autonomy, Justice, Nonmaleficence, Beneficence

Fetal lie in which the fetus is horizontal?

Transverse

Head-down fetal presentation

Vertex

Principle that says to use lowest power possible and minimize dwell time

ALARA

Fetal lie in which the fetus is at an angle in relation to the uterus

Oblique

Fetal rump presentation; flexed hips and knees

Complete breech

Thermal index used at 10 weeks or greater

TIB

Serum pregnancy test

Quantitative ßhCG

Fetal lie in which the fetus is in long axis in relation to the uterus

Longitudinal

Thermal index used at less than 10 weeks

TIS

Fetal rump presentation; legs in front of face

Frank breech

Urine pregnancy test

Qualitative hCG

Fetal rump presentation; one or both feet

Incomplete breech

What are some synonyms for “head down”?

Vertex and Cephalic

What is the purpose of Traci’s “10 second sweep?”

• To determine fetal lie and presentation

• To look for gross fetal anomalies

​• To check for viability

​• To evaluate for multiple pregnancies

You are looking at the cross-section of fetal abdomen. Looking clockwise, you see spine, stomach, umbilical portion of portal vein. This fetus is?

Vertex

What is TRUE about scanning an OB US versus performing an abdominal US?

There is generally a larger window with OB scanning

Label the anatomy with the arrows

A. Umb. vein

B. Liver

C. Stomach

D. Spine

Label the anatomy with the arrows

E. Heart (apex)

F. Lungs

G. Spine

What is the difference between fetal lie and fetal presentation?

• Lie is the orientation within the pelvis (longitudinal, transverse, oblique)

• Presentation describes what part is closest to the cervix

Describe 4 signs of fetal demise (irrespective of trimester)

• Collapsed fetal skull bones (Spalding’s sign)

• Maceration

• Gas in heart (Robert’s sign)

• Edema of soft-tissues (anasarca)

• No fetal heart motion (FHM) ß must be present for there to be IUFD

Evaluate fetal situs; what is the presentation of the image?

Cephalic

Evaluate fetal situs; what is the presentation of the image?

Breech

Evaluate fetal situs; what is the presentation of the image?

Breech

Evaluate fetal situs; what is the presentation of the image?

Cephalic

Evaluate fetal situs; what is the presentation of the image?

Cephalic

Evaluate fetal situs; what is the presentation of the image?

Breech

If the fetal lie is neither longitudinal or transverse, what is it?

Oblique

What is the fetal presentation if the fetus is head down?

Vertex/Cephalic

What is the fetal presentation if the fetus is head up?

Breech

What is the fetal presentation if the head is up and the hips/knees are flexed in front?

Complete Breech

What is the fetal presentation if the head is up and the legs are straight in front of the face?

Complete breech

What is the fetal presentation if the head is up and one or both feet presenting?

Incomplete breech

What is "TI”?

Thermal index

When is TIS used?

<10 weeks LMP

When is TIC used?

Cranial bone in focal zone

What does MFM stand for?

Maternal Fetal Medicine

What does IUFD stand for?

Intrauterine fetal demise

What does hCG stand for?

Human chorionic gonadotropin

What does FHM stand for?

Fetal heart motion

What does EDC stand for?

Estimated date of confinement (same as EDD)

What does EDD stand for?

Estimated due date

What does LMP stand for?

Last menstrual period

Spalding sign

Overlapping/collapsed fetal skull bones

Maceration

Disruption of fetal anatomy

Robert’s sign

Gas bubbles in heart

Other findings of fetal demise

Edema, absent FHM

Lithopedian

Stone fetus (> first trimester IUFD that is not expelled)

Fetus papyraeous

paper fetus (IUFD earlier on but bones are formed)