Anatomy and Physiology: Levels of Organization

What are the three levels of structural organization

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

the level or structural organization that represents the smallest components of the body. increasing in size from atoms such as carbon and oxygen to molecules like water and carbon dioxide

chemical

the most basic building blocks of the body

chemicals

the level of structural organization where molecules combine together to form cells

cellular

are the basic structural and functional units of an organism

cells

the level of structural organization that is made up of groups of cells and materials surrounding them. they work together to perform specific funtions

tissue

what are the four types of tissue

epithelial, muscle, connective, nervous

protective tissue found in the linings of cavities and organs and and as part of he integumentary system that helps to protect the structures it lines from injury and loss

epithelial

tissue responsible for all the movement of the body

muscle

tissue that binds the body together, supports structure and function, and is involved in the transport of metabolic products

connective

tissue composed of nerve cells

nervous

the level of structural organization that is the combination of tissues

organ

the level of structural organization that is made up of several organs that have a common function

system

the largest level of structural organization where all the parts that make up the body and function with each other form; one living individual

organism

the fixed or standard position in which the body is referenced to

anatomical position

situated in front of or toward the front of a body part or organ; synonym for frontal and antonym for posterior

anterior

division of the body into anterior and posterior sections; can mean pertaining to the crown; frontal plane

coronal

remote; farther from the center of the body or point of attachment to the body; opposite of proximal

distal

pertaining to the back of the body; used to denote a position that is more toward the back than another object of reference; posterior; opposite of ventral

dorsal

situated below a structure or directed downward; also used to denote the lower portion of an organ or the lower of the two structures; opposite of superior

inferior

pertaining to the side; denoting a position farther from the midline of a structure; opposite of medial

lateral

pertaining to the middle; closer to the midline of a body; pertaining to the middle layer

medial

situated in the back; also used in reference to the back or dorsal surface of the body; opposite of anterior

posterior

nearest; closer to the midline of the body or point of attachment to the body; opposite of distal

proximal

division of the body into left and right sides in a vertical lengthwise fashion

sagittal

situated above or directed upward; in official anatomic nomenclature used in reference to the upper surface on an organ or other structure, or a structure occupying a higher position; opposite of inferior

superior

a horizontal plane situated at right angles to the long axis, or sagittal and coronal planes; placed crosswise

transverse

pertaining to the abdomen; used to denote a position that is more toward the belly/abdominal surface than some other object or reference; opposite of dorsal

ventral

occuring on both sides of the body

bilateral

near the outer surface

superficial; external

situated further inward, away from the surface

internal; deep

the combining form of anterior

antero

the combining form of distal

disto

the combining form of dorsal

dorsso

the combining form of inferior

infero

the combining form of lateral

latero

the combining form of medial

medio

the combining form of posterior

postero

the combining form of superior

supero

the combining form of ventral

ventro

what are the nine regions of the abdoment

right and left hypochondriac region, epigastric region, right and left lumbar region, umbilical region, right and left iliac region, hypogastric region

what are the four quadrants of the body

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ (right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower)

a word derived from the name of a real, fictional, mythical or spurious character or person

pertaining to the abdomen; used to denote a position that is more toward the belly/abdominal surface