Chapter 5 The Nervous System - Neurology and Psychiatry

cerebro/o

brain

encephal/o

brain

cerebell/o

cerebellum

cephal/o

head

crani/o

head, skull

mening/o

meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

meningi/o

meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

dur/o

dura (tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

neuro/o

nerve

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

esthesi/o

feeling, sensation

phas/o

speech

phreno/o

mind

psycho/o

mind

gnosi/o

know

-mania

excessive desire

-phobia

excessive fear or sensitivity

-paresis

slight or partial paralysis

-plegia

paralysis

aphasia

inability to speak

ah-FAY-zhah

FAY

a / phas / ia

not / speaking / condition

dementia

loss, decline in mental function

da-MEN-chah

MEN

de / ment / ia

down / mind / condition

dysphasia

difficulty speaking

dys / phas / ia

bad / speaking / condition

neurasthenia

nerve weakness

neur / asthenia

nerve / weakness

syncope

fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain

SIN-koh-pee

SIN

cephalalgia

head pain

cephal / algia

head / pain

neuralgia

nerve pain

neur / algia

nerve / pain

paralysis

complete loss of sensation and motor function

paresis

partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function

acrophobia

fear of heights

agoraphobia

fear of outdoor spaces

agora / phobia

marketplace / excessive fear

hydrophobia

fear of water

hydro / phobia

water / excessive fear

kleptomania

desire to steal

klepto / mania

theft / mania

pyromania

desire to set fire

pryo / mania

fire / excessive desire

electroencephalography (EEG)

procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain

electro / encephalo / graphy

electricity / brain / writing procedure

lumbar puncture (LP)

inserting a needle into the lumbar spine to college spinal fluid aka spinal tap

cerebral angiography

procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain

lumb / ar puncture

lower back / pertaining to

cerebr / al angio / graphy

brain / pertaining to vessel / writing procedure

myelogram

image of the spinal cord

myelo / gram

Spinal cord / record

positron emission tomography ( PET)

an imaging procedure that uses radiation to produce cross sections of the brain

encephalocele

hernia of the brain

encephalo / cele

brain / hernia

hematoma

a tomor-like mass made up of blood

hemat / oma

blood / tumor

epidural hematoma

a hematoma located on top of the dura (membrane that protects the spinal cord and brain)

epi / dur / al

upon / dura / pertaining to

intracerebral hematoma

a hematoma located inside the brain

intra / cerebr / al

inside / brain/ pertaining to

subdural hematoma

a hematoma located beneath the dura

sub / dur / al

beneath / dura / pertaining to

meningocele

a hernia of the meninges

meningo / cele

meninges / hernia

neuritis

nerve inflmmation

neru / itis

nerve / inflammation

afferent nerve

a nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system

af / ferent

toward / carry

efferent nerve

a nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system

ef / ferent

away / carry

psychiatrist

doctor who specializes in treatment of the mind

psycho/ iatrist

mind / treatment specialist

psychiarty

branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind

psycho / ology

mind / study of

psychosomatic

pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind

psycho / somat / ic

mind / body / pertaining to

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain

cerebro / vascul / ar

brain / blood vessel / pertaining to

stroke

loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow, supply to the brain

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

a “mini stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves within 24 hours

trans/ ient. isch / em / ic

across / go. hold back / blood / pertaining to

hydrocephaly

abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain

hydro / cephal / y

water / head / condition

encephalitis

inflammation of the brain

encephal / itis

brain / inflammation

encephalopathy

disease of the brain

encephalo / pathy

brain / disease

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

mening / itis

meninges / inflammation

myelitis

inflammation of the spinal cord

myel / itis

meninges / inflammation

neuropathy

disease of the nervous system

poliomyelitis

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

polio / myel / itis

gray / spinal cord / inflammation

anorexia

an eating disorder characterized by the patient’s refusal to eat

autism

a disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is focused only on themself

aut / ism

self / condition