Unit 7: Atmospheric Pollution

Transpiration

________ creates a cooling effect for the surrounding area.

Gov regs

________, incentives, public acceptance determines how quickly hybrid cars moves into the mainstream vehicle market.

aluminum concentration

Elevating the ________ in lakes to levels that are toxic to fish.

Esy prohibitions

________ concerning closed and abandoned hazardous waste sites- Provided liability of ppl responsible for releases of hazardous waste sites.

Tiny insects

________, fungi, bacteria are considered pollutants.

Carbon sequestration

________, reduction of emissions from engines, turning off lights to conserve electricity, legislation, etc.

High temperatures

________ increase rates of photochemical reactions → photochemical smog.

Catalytic converter

________: platinum coated device that oxidizes most of the VOCs and some CO that would otherwise be emitted in exhaust.

Wastewater

________: any water used by humans (human sewage, showers, industrial processes, storm water runoff, etc .)

NORMAL

________: warm polluted air over a city rises into the cooler atmosphere.

low levels

Dissolved oxygen: ________ of dissolved oxygen indicate an inability to sustain life (warm water holds less dissolved oxygen than cool water)

CO detectors

________ are available for home and can prevent CO poisoning.

Synergistic effect

________ (more than one substance combines to cause a toxic effect thats greater than any one component)

Secondary pollutants

________: formed by the combo of primary pollutants in the atmo (ex.

Infection

________: result of a pathogen invading our body.

Primary pollutants

________: released directly into the lower atmosphere and are toxic (ex.

Lack of O2

________ creates a hypoxic zone → in which nothing that depends on O2 can grow.

Surface impoundment

________: creation of shallow lined pools where hazardous liquid evaporates.

Dry acid particle deposition

________: occurs 2- 3 days after emission into the atmosphere.

Unit 7

Atmospheric Pollution Toxicity and health 2 Air pollution 2 General notes 2 Major pollutants 3 Smog 4 Ozone depletion 4 Acid rain 5 Vehicles 5 Indoor air pollution 5 Climate change 6 Thermal pollution 7 Water pollution 7 Wastewater 8 Water quality legislation 9 Solid waste 10 Recycling 10 Landfills 10 Hazardous waste 10 Laws 11 Noise pollution 12 Toxicity and health

Toxin

any substance that is inhaled, ingested, absorbed at sufficient dosages that it damages a living organism

Toxicity

of a toxin is the degree to which it is biologically harmful

Dose-response analysis

organisms are exposed to a toxin at different concentrations; dosage that causes death is recorded

Poison

substance that has an LD50 of 50 mg or less per kg of body weight

Acute effect

an effect caused by a short exposure to a high level of toxin

Chronic effect

what results from long-term exposure to low levels of toxin

Infection

result of a pathogen invading our body

Disease

when the infection causes a change in the state of health

Pathogens

bacteria, viruses, other microorganisms that can cause disease → can attack directly or via a carrier organisms (vector)

Natural pollutants

pollen, dust, mold spores, forest fires, volcanic gases, dinoflagellates

Primary pollutants

released directly into the lower atmosphere and are toxic (ex

Secondary pollutants

formed by the combo of primary pollutants in the atmo (ex

Point source pollution

spec location from where pollution is released

Nonpoint source pollution

pollution that doesn't have a sepc point of release Major pollutants

Hemoglobin

molecule responsible for transporting oxygen around the body from the lungs

VOCs

volatile organic compounds which are released as result of various industrial processes

Industrial/gray smog

formed from pollutants that are typically associated with burning of oil or coal

Photochemical/brown smog

formed on hot sunny days in urban areas

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

man made chemicals → once released, migrate to stratosphere thru atmo mixing → intense UV radiation breaks CFC molecules apart and releases chlorine atoms → form chlorine monoxide (ClO)

Ozone loss

chlorine breaks down ozone into oxygen

Health issues

eye cataracts, skin cancers, weakens immune sys Acid rain

Acid precipitation

(rain, hail, snow, etc) occurs as a result of pollution in the atmo, primary SO2 and nitrogen oxides

Dry acid particle deposition

occurs 2-3 days after emission into the atmosphere

Wet deposition

delayed for 4-14 days after emission

Catalytic converter

platinum coated device that oxidizes most of the VOCs and some CO that would otherwise be emitted in exhaust

Toxic waste

create health risks when inhaled or ingested or when comes to contact skin