Couples Marriage and Family Final Exam

Which of the following accounts for the most change or success in therapy?

A. A client who is educated, motivated, and engaged in therapy

B. The setting in which the therapist works

C. The model the therapist uses

D. The techniques or interventions of the therapist

A. A client who is educated, motivated, and engaged in therapy

Which of the following is true?

A. Bowen considered a differentiated self essential to the development of a family therapist

B. It is wise to know what triggers or buttons you have so that you won't have them pushed all the time in therapy

C. The person and the practice of therapy cannot be separated; each affects the other

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following are tools that a therapist might use to learn about self and self in relation to others?

A. A genogram of one's extended family-of-origin

B. Satir's wheel of influence

C. Historical timeline of one's own family

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Satir's "Hanging Hats" exercise is a systemic way of considering and addressing processes that therapists seeing individuals call:

A. Psychosexual developmental issues

B. Dysfunctional or pathological family processes in general

C. Transference and counter-transference issues

D.None of the above

C. Transference and counter-transference issues

One way to stay present with families and make contact is to ask yourself the following question:

A. What does my theory tell me is the right thing to do when I get into a family session, and am I following the theory's requirements?

B. Who am I meeting at this moment in time, and what do they want me to know about their thoughts, feelings, interactions, and behaviors?

C. What will my supervisor think of what I am doing right now?

D.How am I doing as a new counselor or therapist?

B. Who am I meeting at this moment in time, and what do they want me to know about their thoughts, feelings, interactions, and behaviors?

It is often hard to genuinely care about specific people in a family before the family practitioner even meets the family. If not caring, what can the counselor or therapist bring to the first session?

A. Interest in the clients and a desire to create an atmosphere of safety

B. More knowledge and education than the family members are likely to have

C. An ability to diagnose problems and formulate treatment plans

D. The original premise is wrong; you should learn to care about your clients even before you meet them

A. Interest in the clients and a desire to create an atmosphere of safety

Teleology is the study of:

A. goals and purposes

B. symbolic interactions

C. metaphorical languaging

D. None of the above

A. goals and purposes

Which of the following is most associated with the idea of holism?

A. Taking into account that each part of a system is actually greater than the sum represented by the whole

B. Learning strategies for taking dysfunctional parts of individuals and integrating them into a whole

C. Working in patterns and seeing people and systems in context

D. None of the above

C. Working in patterns and seeing people and systems in context

Which of the following will serve a beginning family practitioner well?

A. Staying focused on universal humanism and not getting caught up in diversity issues

B. Absorbing the issues and concerns of clients so that you can take them home with you and study them—or at least worry about them

C. Having a sincere interest in the welfare of others

D. Leaving the spirit of the family and its members to their priest or minister and focusing only on psychologically-based understandings of people and their actions

C. Having a sincere interest in the welfare of others

In which part of Satir's process of change do family routines and patterns continue as they normally do?

A. Status quo

B. Introduction of foreign element

C. The experience of chaos

D. The generation of new possibilities

A. Status quo

Which of the following might be considered a general guideline in therapy?

A. Disarray and disengagement are better than a stagnant status quo

B. It is better for family systems to be open and organized rather than disorganized or closed

C. Emotional reactivity is better than no reaction at all

D. Optimism, faith, and courage often get in the way of fully appreciating one's fear and the need to acknowledge it

B. It is better for family systems to be open and organized rather than disorganized or closed

Which of the following is most true?

A. Studying your own work can only make you self-conscious; just do what feels right

B. Silence in therapy is a sign of discomfort and it should be filled with another question or comment from the therapist

C. Be careful with giving advice

D.None of the above

C. Be careful with giving advice

One thing that the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy has demonstrated over the last 20 years is:

A. Marriage and family therapy can have negative and harmful effects

B. Marriage and family therapy is more efficacious than individual therapy in treating schizophrenia, marital distress, or depressed women in a distressed marriage

C. Some approaches to marriage and family therapy are more effective or superior to other approaches

D. Residential treatment is still more cost effective than marriage and family therapy alone when treating schizophrenia, delinquency, or severe conduct disorders

B. Marriage and family therapy is more efficacious than individual therapy in treating schizophrenia, marital distress, or depressed women in a distressed marriage

A research study that focuses on the meaning in the stories that people tell is most likely:

A. A quantitative study

B. A qualitative study based on narratives

C. An experimental study

D. An action study based on narratives that leads to transformational research

B. A qualitative study based on narratives

While marriage and family therapy may be a critical and necessary component of severe problems, effective treatment often includes:

A. Individual or group counseling and/or medication

B. Hospitalization

C. Removal of identified patients from negative family systems

D. All of the above

A. Individual or group counseling and/or medication

Virtue is:

A. A consideration of the qualities that contribute to effective living of the good life

B. What you are supposed to do to be moral from a Christian perspective

C. An approach to life that makes everyone happy with you

D.What constitutes good citizenship in societies other than the Third

A. A consideration of the qualities that contribute to effective living of the good life

Aristotle thought virtue included:

A. Temperance

B. Mildness and friendliness

C. Rational thought

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Cicero added to Aristotle's conceptualization of virtue which of the following?

A. Doing what feels good

B. The greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

C. Orderliness, faithfulness, and service

D. All of the above

C. Orderliness, faithfulness, and service

Which of the following did Aristotle think was a pre-condition for virtue?

A. Free will and choice

B. Voluntary action

C. Rational decision-making

D.All of the above

D.All of the above

A consideration of virtue that includes cooperation, contribution, caring,

connectedness, courage, confidence, and competence is part of Adler's notion of:

A. Inferiority feelings and striving for superiority

B. Community feeling and social interest

C. Self-acceptance and self-actualization

D. Social advancement and social construction

B. Community feeling and social interest

Which of the following family therapists would be most likely to believe that spontaneity and play are part of the good life?

A. Whitaker and symbolic experiential family therapists

B. Minuchin and structural family therapists

C. Feminist family therapists

D. Cognitive-behavioral family therapists

A. Whitaker and symbolic experiential family therapists

Professional ethical codes are about:

A. Professional practice and avoidance of malpractice

B. Virtue and living the good life

C. Dealing with dilemmas; there are no clear mandates

D. All of the above are true

A. Professional practice and avoidance of malpractice

Which of the following professional organizations have professional ethical codes?

A. American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy

B. National Association for Social Workers

C. American Medical Association

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Nonmaleficence means:

A. Faithfulness to promises made

B. Promoting the good of the family

C. Doing no harm with the understanding that harm differs across cultures

D. Operating from personal integrity with a goal of informed consent

C. Doing no harm with the understanding that harm differs across cultures

Principle ethics is based on values associated with:

A. Western, mostly European-based cultures

B. Asian cultures

C. Collectivist cultures of Central America, South America, and Africa

D. All of the above

A. Western, mostly European-based cultures

Professional codes of ethics have been developed so that:

A. The definitions are in agreement across multiple codes

B. Professional codes serve as guidelines, but in the end it is up to the professional to make informed (through consultation) judgments based on the particulars of the case

C. Legal mandates are not reflected in professional codes

D. Ethics are central and professional practice is considered somewhere else

B. Professional codes serve as guidelines, but in the end it is up to the professional to make informed (through consultation)

Which of the following is most true of virtue ethics?

A. It helps family members be the kind of people they should be

B. It helps family practitioners live up to the moral principles advanced by Plato as the most useful for therapy

C. It keeps the person of the family practitioner central to a consideration of ethical practice

D. None of the above

C. It keeps the person of the family practitioner central to a consideration of ethical practice

It is hard to teach and hard to develop new practitioners and some values in collectivist cultures, for example, directly challenge the assumptions of Western cultures. These are:

A. Criticisms of principle ethics

B. Problems associated with virtue ethics

C. Reasons to avoid participatory ethics

D. Descriptions of the ethical standards for the American Medical Association

B. Problems associated with virtue ethics

Participatory ethics is favored by:

A. Structural-Strategic family therapists

B. Feminists and social constructionists

C. Cognitive-behavioral family therapists

D. None of the above

B. Feminists and social constructionists

Encouraging families to be co-contributors to ethical practice in family therapy and encouraging family feedback on the therapy process is part of:

A. Participatory ethics

B. Virtue ethics

C. Principle ethics

D. All of the above

A. Participatory ethics

Satir's model has been called by a number of different names, each reflecting some part or the whole of her work. Among the names used is:

A. Conjoint family therapy

B. Satir transformational systemic therapy

C. Satir growth model

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Satir believed that the first step to individual, family, or systemic change was:

A. Making contact and acknowledging present experience and meaning

B. Validating chaos as a foundation for change

C. Using least-used senses (for example, smell) to get a new perspective of family presentation

D. Reframing problems into potentialities

A. Making contact and acknowledging present experience and meaning

While intended to provide a safety net for children as they venture out into the world, family rules tend to be received by children as:

A. Ideas that are foreign or a foreign element to their current way of being

B. Beyond what they are capable, developmentally, of understanding

C. "Shoulds" and "Musts" that are absolute and/or impossible to enact

D. Guides that can be followed when appropriate

C. "Shoulds" and "Musts" that are absolute and/or impossible to enact

Which of the following is true about family rules according to Satir?

A. Healthy family rules are few and consistently applied

B. It is better to try to transform rules for usefulness rather than get rid of them or feel bound by them

C. The most important family rules are the ones that govern individuation, or being unique, and the sharing of information or communication

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Satir differed from Bowen in the following way(s):

A. She believed in a teaching aspect to her therapy and he didn't

B. She conceptualized the possibility of a nurturing triad and he didn't

C. She believed in the value of self-esteem and Bowen took no position on the value of the self

D.All of the above

B. She conceptualized the possibility of a nurturing triad and he didn't

Which of the following is at the heart of Satir's concept of congruence?

A. Emotional honesty

B. Emotional fusion

C. Emotional cutoff

D. Emotion coaching

A. Emotional honesty

Your 16 year old daughter comes home in tears. When you ask her what's the matter, she replies, "Mom . . . Dad . . . I'm pregnant." You say, "What is the matter with you? How could you let this happen. You know better." Your spouse says, "I just don't know what we should have for dinner. Do you have any idea?" Based on these communications:

A. You are blaming and your spouse is irrelevant

B. You are super reasonable and your spouse is placating

C. You are blaming and your spouse is placating

D. You are super reasonable and your spouse is irrelevant

A. You are blaming and your spouse is irrelevant

In Satir's communication model, each communication stance focuses on:

A. Self

B. Others

C. Context

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

People are never limited to one communication stance. Satir believes that people are more likely to engage in patterns of communication that repeat themselves, as in a dance. A common pattern in abuse perpetrators is:

A. Blaming, irrelevance, blaming, irrelevance

B. Super reasonable, irrelevance, blaming

C. Super reasonable, blaming, placating

D. Placating, super reasonable, blaming

C. Super reasonable, blaming, placating

Which of the following is one of Satir's five freedoms? The freedom to:

A. Take risks on one's own behalf

B. Do what one wants when one wants

C. Move in ways that fit the desires of the individual for contextual change

D. Do what needs to be done at a moment in time

A. Take risks on one's own behalf

A family of four (two adults and two children) has a fairly stable life with set routines and ways of interacting and communicating that work for them. In another town, a parent of one of the adults dies, and the other parent comes to live with the family. The family of four is thrown into disarray and for several weeks, no one seems to know how to handle the situation. In this description, the death of one parent and the incorporation of the surviving parent is called what in Satir's process of change?

A. Status quo

B. Foreign element

C. Chaos

D. New possibility

B. Foreign element

What goal(s) does Satir have for her therapy?

A. Therapist transformation of client pain experiences

B. Attachment of parent and child through rebirth

C. Enhancing potentials for growth, especially in self-esteem

D.Creating a re-enactment of family traumas

C. Enhancing potentials for growth, especially in self-esteem

The goals of Satir's human validation process model of family therapy include:

A. Encouraging family members not to change until they know what is valuable about the current situation

B. Each individual within a family should be able to report honestly about what he or she sees, hears, feels, and thinks

C. Parent should exercise appropriate power in dealing with children and helping them understand what is required of them

D.All of the above

B. Each individual within a family should be able to report honestly about what he or she sees, hears, feels, and thinks

Satir family therapists:

A. Are experts on communication and they actively work to teach the correct way to engage each other in families

B. Use their senses to be fully present and make contact with family members

C. Believe that even though a family is in chaos, it can still make a big decision that may take months to implement

D.All of the above

B. Use their senses to be fully present and make contact with family members

Satir developed three tools that she called family maps, life-fact chronologies, and wheels of influence that figure prominently in:

A. Family reconstruction

B. Family sculpting

C. Parts parties

D.Family choreograpy

D.Family choreograpy

Carl Whitaker is the person most associated with the development of symbolic-experiential family therapy. It is a therapy based on:

A. Limiting the wholly immeasurable concepts of freedom, growth, and actualization

B. The application of precise systemic theory

C. Nurturance and the need for reducing non-productive anxiety in the family

D. An interactive process involving a family with a therapist who is willing to be real

D. An interactive process involving a family with a therapist who is willing to be real

Symbolic-experiential therapists focus on:

A. The here and now, what's happening right in front of them

B. Exploring the past for roots and causes to current problems

C. Exploring purposes and goals as they are expressed in the present

D. Reframing current difficulties in the contexts of macro-systems

A. The here and now, what's happening right in front of them

Whitaker believed in working with co-therapists. Some of the co-therapists with whom he worked were:

A. Rudolf Dreikurs and Oscar Christensen

B. Jean McLendon and John Banmen

C. Thomas Malone, Gus Napier, and David Keith

D. All of the above

C. Thomas Malone, Gus Napier, and David Keith

Even though Whitaker believed in systemic assessment and practice, one of his goals for therapy was always to:

A. Develop healthy family rules that would facilitate good mental health

B. Help individuals within families live more peaceful and harmonious lives

C. Direct families toward individual roles that would cause less tension, especially in schizophrenic families

D. Facilitate family interaction that will result in the individuality of each member

D. Facilitate family interaction that will result in the individuality of each member

Whitaker differed from Bowen in the following way(s):

A. Bowen believed in coaching in his therapy and Whitaker didn't

B. Bowen believed in the importance of theory and Whitaker believed it could be a hindrance to clinical practice

C. Bowen believed in supporting a differentiated self and Whitaker thought individuality had to be subordinated to systemic needs

D. All of the above

B. Bowen believed in the importance of theory and Whitaker believed it could be a hindrance to clinical practice

Which of the following is at the heart of Satir's concept of congruence?

A. Emotional honesty

B. Emotional fusion

C. Emotional cutoff

D. Emotion coaching

A. Emotional honesty

Whitaker was not opposed to a battle for initiative in therapy. He would often stake out his position with what he called an I-position. Of the following, which is most likely a Whitaker beginning?

A. "I should probably make clear that I am not part of your team. I am willing to be a coach, but you are the players, not me, and I'm not even sure what will happen until I feel my way into the family."

B. "I would like to start by getting to know each of you. Perhaps each of you could tell me a little bit about yourself and what you hope to get out of our work together."

C. "As you have already noticed, you have been hooked up to some machines that measure brain activity and heart rate, among other things, so I want all of you to talk about your problems, and I will check back in later."

D. "While I would like to help you with your problem, I really have no idea about how to do that, and frankly, I may never have a good idea about what to do. What do you think?"

A. "I should probably make clear that I am not part of your team. I am willing to be a coach, but you are the players, not me, and I'm not even sure what will happen until I feel my way into the family."

The way in which people keep from growing and becoming is by doing and escaping into either the past or the future. They engage in what Whitaker calls metaliving. From this stance, Whitaker might say:

A. "Start each day in centered meditation. It gets you oriented toward the present, and then periodically do yoga as a way of experiencing your body in the here and now."

B. "You cannot get anywhere in life if you are self-absorbed. You have to get over yourself and connect with others."

C. "Make full use of your five senses because they are the foundation of present experience and self-esteem."

D. "Some people commit psychological suicide long before their bodies actually catch up to them."

D. "Some people commit psychological suicide long before their bodies actually catch up to them."

Whitaker identifies three types of intimacy:

A. Lust, sex, closeness

B. Brotherly love, sexual love, love of life

C. The delusion of intimacy, the illusion of intimacy, the fact of intimacy

D. The experience of self, the experience of we, the experience of belonging

C. The delusion of intimacy, the illusion of intimacy, the fact of intimacy

Falling in love is, for Whitaker, an excellent example of a symbolic experience because:

A. While the content of it cannot stand up to scrutiny, it nonetheless leads to a change the individual's way of living and interpersonal relationships

B. The experience is transitory and, like a flag, people are willing to go to war for it—even with each other

C. It is just a small part of the larger experience of love for humanity that gets expressed and learned in a specific, if only symbolic, relationship

D. None of the above

A. While the content of it cannot stand up to scrutiny, it nonetheless leads to a change the individual's way of living and interpersonal relationships

Which of the following represents one example of what Whitaker calls the dialectics of a healthy family?

A. The dialectics of closeness and tightness

B. The dialectics of individuation and belonging

C. The dialectics of pathology and craziness

D. The dialectics of impulse and immediate gratification

B. The dialectics of individuation and belonging

What goal(s) do symbolic experiential practitioners have for therapy?

A. Therapist easing of client pain experiences

B. Attachment of parent and child through effective communication

C. Facilitation of personal autonomy and a sense of belonging in the family

D. Creating a re-enactment of family traumas for the purpose of reliving them

C. Facilitation of personal autonomy and a sense of belonging in the family

Which of the following would Whitaker most likely do during his therapy process?

A. Decrease anxiety in an effort to get the family back on an even keel

B. Create family turmoil and then coach the members through the experience

C. Pay close attention to what people say and feel and help them express what is important to them in as clear a manner as possible

D. Ask people to relate what they are currently doing to the social and relational histories of the ideas that are involved in and continue to support their actions and feelings, as in getting the social and relational history that one of the family members has with depression

B. Create family turmoil and then coach the members through the experience

Because Whitaker's work and role as a therapist was constantly evolving, he:

A. Preferred to work alone so that he would not feel constricted by a partnership with someone else

B. Talked about the process of family therapy in anywhere from three phases, e.g., engagement, involvement, and disentanglement, to eight

C. Believed that teaching families about what he was doing and what they might do differently was essential to constructive therapy

D. All of the above

B. Talked about the process of family therapy in anywhere from three phases, e.g., engagement, involvement, and disentanglement, to eight

Which of the following did Whitaker hold to be true?

A. Family therapists need to engage in their own therapy to foster individuation and a real sense of belonging in their families

B. Family therapy techniques are as important or more important than the personal characteristics of the therapist

C. Although family therapists may be directive at times, they also engage in sometimes long periods of silence to give the family time to re-balance themselves

D. All of the above

A. Family therapists need to engage in their own therapy to foster individuation and a real sense of belonging in their families

Structural family therapy is based on an understanding of the organization of the family. Which focus will help to develop an assessment of that organization?

A. How family members relate to each other

B. When family members choose to relate to each other

C. To whom people in the family relate

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Structural family therapists, especially practitioners like Minuchin and Aponte, believe that the individual is always part of a social context. Among other things, structural family therapy is:

A. Firmly lodged in an appreciation and dedication to cultural diversity and working with the poor

B. Focused on the past and the ancestral family influences that are at work in the present

C. Applied differently in Chile than it would be in say, Argentina

D. All of the above

A. Firmly lodged in an appreciation and dedication to cultural diversity and working with the poor

In the early years, Minuchin worked with colleagues to develop structural family therapy at:

A. The Mental Research Institute

B. The Washington Institute for Structural Family Therapy

C. The Philadelphia Child Guidance Center

D. The Ackerman Institute in New York City

C. The Philadelphia Child Guidance Center

Which elements are considered, in this model, to be essential parts of family structure?

A. Planning, implementation, and follow-up

B. Function, form, and essence

C. Foundation, inner strength, and outer resources

D. Alignment, force (or power), and boundary

D. Alignment, force (or power), and boundary

If a father's expression of anger leads almost inevitably to an asthma attack in his daughter, the structural sequence is:

A. Symmetrical or an exchange of similar behaviors

B. Complementary or an exchange of opposite kinds of behaviors

C. Synthetic or an exchange of phony kinds of behaviors

D. Aversive or an exchange of oppressive kinds of behaviors

B. Complementary or an exchange of opposite kinds of behaviors

Husband: Where are you going?

Wife: Out.

Husband: Did I say you could go out?!

Wife: You don't tell me what to do!

Husband [shouting]: The hell I don't!

Wife [shouting back]: The hell you do!

This is an example of:

A. A symmetrically sequenced argument

B. A patterned aversive interaction

C. Emotional abuse in the irritation-blaming phase

D.Protective costuming interactions

A. A symmetrically sequenced argument

Which of the following is true of underorganized families?

A. They have patterns and sequential interactions that describe their processes with each other, but they are harder to diagnose and often appear chaotic; they lack consistency, coherency, and flexible structure

B. They appear functional and non-chaotic, but fall apart when stressed

C. They are more easily redirected than overly organized families

D. They lack power and critical alignments that allow the therapist to assess structure

A. They have patterns and sequential interactions that describe their processes with each other, but they are harder to diagnose and often appear chaotic; they lack consistency, coherency, and flexible structure

Alignment indicates:

A. Who behaves just like whom in the family, including those children who identify with or mimic aspects of the parent of the same sex

B. Who is included in a specific activity within the family and who is not

C. The relative influence of each family member on the outcome of an activity

D. The joining of one family member to another as a family carries out an operation

D. The joining of one family member to another as a family carries out an operation

Which of the following might be structural subsystems within a family?

A. Economic, spiritual values, culture

B. Play, work, intimacy

C. Spouse, parent, child

D. Community, society, global

C. Spouse, parent, child

What would Bowen's concept of emotional cutoff be called in structural family therapy?

A. Disengagement

B. Diffuse boundary

C. Relational aversion

D. Enmeshment

A. Disengagement

In which of the following cultures might enmeshment be considered most normal?

A. German

B. Japanese

C. French

D. American

B. Japanese

What goal(s) are involved in structural family therapy?

A. Blocking community or societal interference with nuclear families

B. Creating attachments between parents and children that allow parents to protect children at all times

C. Modifying the family's transactional rules and developing more appropriate boundaries

D. Creating a re-enactment of family transactions as closely as possible

C. Modifying the family's transactional rules and developing more appropriate boundaries

Minuchin pinched a child and asked the father if he felt it. He said he did. He asked the mother if she felt it, and she said "No, but I have poor circulation." This is an example of:

A. An enmeshed father and a disengaged mother

B. An enmeshed family

C. A disengaged family

D. A diffuse boundary and rigid alignments

B. An enmeshed family

Structural family therapists pay attention to the impact of community interventions because:

A. Families can absorb patriarchal structures inherent in society

B. Societal services can actually impede the development of individuals and make other family members over-protective

C. Services are rarely organized in a functional hierarchy with psychiatrists in the lead

D. All of the above

B. Societal services can actually impede the development of individuals and make other family members over-protective

Which of the following would structural family therapists hold to be true?

A. The role of structural therapists is essentially to join with the family, map the family, and transform ineffective structures

B. Reframing and reorganization are essentially the same

C. Children are often the best leaders in poor or underorganized families

D.All of the above

A. The role of structural therapists is essentially to join with the family, map the family, and transform ineffective structures

Not all family practitioner models subscribe to the idea of defining effective parenting let alone teaching it. The rationale for including a chapter on parenting in a textbook on family therapy is:

A. Family practitioners working in schools, hospitals, community agencies, and clinics are expected to address parenting issues in one form or another with most of the families they see

B. Often, the most critical stress point in a marriage is when couples first become parents

C. Family coaching, an intermediate step between parent education and family therapy or family counseling, is fast becoming a growth industry in the United States, Canada, and Europe

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Effective parenting models:

A. Have been developed with more than 50 years of research to support them

B. Have been developed with little or no testing other than personal testimony to back them up

C. Have not been tested or applied outside of the United States

D. Are based on processes associated with collectivist cultures where connection to one's family has been a hallmark for centuries

A. Have been developed with more than 50 years of research to support them

John Watson is considered by many to be the father of American behaviorism. Influenced by the writings of Ivan Pavlov, he wrote a behavioral manifesto in 1913 calling for behaviorism to be the basis for the psychological sciences. Later, he would conduct which of the following experiments?

A. Introduction of the orgone box for controlling the environment

B. Training parents to use operant conditioning with destructive children

C. Teaching Little Albert to have a phobia of white mice and white rabbits

D. Introduction of behavior modification to the classroom

C. Teaching Little Albert to have a phobia of white mice and white rabbits

In 1928, John Watson wrote the first popular psychology book on parenting, called Psychological Care of Infant and Child. In it, he suggested that:

A. He was not in favor of mother/child bonding, cuddling children, or even kissing and hugging them, except in a perfunctory manner just before bed

B. Parents should approach childrearing objectively and remain aloof

C. There might be some other environment in which children could be raised more scientifically with better results

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

At about the same time as Watson, Alfred Adler chose to outline his approach to rearing and educating children. Adler's approach:

A. Like Watson's, was behavioral rather than phenomenological or Freudian

B. Was based on understanding children's behavior from a teleological or goal-oriented perspective, laying the groundwork for Rudolf Dreikurs' child psychology

C. Advocated raising children as permissively as possible for as long as possible, but then laying down the law when necessary

D. Replaced Watson's aloofness with protectiveness and attachment so strong that it would be called enmeshment today

B. Was based on understanding children's behavior from a teleological or goal-oriented perspective, laying the groundwork for Rudolf Dreikurs' child psychology

Rudolf Dreikurs' approach to child psychology:

A. Was based on understanding mistaken goals rather than looking for causes for behavior in early childhood experiences

B. Replaced arbitrary punishments with natural and logical consequences

C. Required a democratic atmosphere based on what today would be called authoritative-responsive parenting. Dreikurs relied on encouragement for child growth and development

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

B. F. Skinner applied operant conditioning procedures to both education and childrearing. His model suggested that:

A. Like Adler, it was the outcome in the form of a reinforcer that really controlled and determined behavior

B. Continuous reinforcement was the strongest kind and that intermittent reinforcement should only be used when parents were away

C. Behaviors were shaped holistically, focusing on the whole of the desired behavior rather than confusing children by breaking the behavior into smaller approximations

D. Punishment had no effect on children's behavior and should never be used

A. Like Adler, it was the outcome in the form of a reinforcer that really controlled and determined behavior

One of the most important aspects of family life is also important in community life. It is the development of effective communication processes. When people express what they think and feel in a congruent manner, and when they listen for feelings, they provide a basis for self-esteem. Which of the following family therapists put the highest emphasis on the development in children of positive self-esteem through congruent communication?

A. Virginia Satir

B. Thomas Gordon

C. Haim Ginott

D.All of the above

A. Virginia Satir

Thomas Gordon created PET: Parent Effectiveness Training. Gordon was a student of and based his model on the work of:

A. John Gottman

B. Albert Ellis

C. Carl Rogers

D. B. F. Skinner

C. Carl Rogers

Gerald Patterson was:

A. The first behaviorist to develop parent training models that we still use when dealing with children exhibiting severe behavioral disorders

B. A student of Adler's who invented a democratic parenting model

C. The major influence of the development of John Gottman's work with emotion coaching

D. The first cognitive therapist to teach young children the A-B-C approach to rational relationships

A. The first behaviorist to develop parent training models that we still use when dealing with children exhibiting severe behavioral disorders

The problem with parenting models based on reward and punishment is:

A. They are used too much by out-of-control parents who wind up abusing children

B. They imply superiority over the child based on an autocratic past that is anywhere from 300 to 400 years out-of-date and which do not meet the needs of childrearing for a democratic society

C. They cannot be used in most Asian cultures that do not support the imposition of family rules over individual development

D. None of the above

B. They imply superiority over the child based on an autocratic past that is anywhere from 300 to 400 years out-of-date and which do not meet the needs of childrearing for a democratic society

Which of the following parenting skills actually work today in essentially functional families?

A. Spanking when applied in a non-emotional way for a specific misbehavior

B. Reminding, coaxing, directing until children reach formal reasoning at about the age of 14

C. Taking children in as partners, giving choices, allowing consequences, and using emotion coaching

D. High levels of supervision and protection, but allowing children to do whatever they want within the safe boundary of the home

C. Taking children in as partners, giving choices, allowing consequences, and using emotion coaching

Giving choices to children is intimately linked to:

A. Emotion coaching for the development of self-esteem

B. Allowing natural and logical consequences to teach children what they need to know

C. Determining who owns a problem so that it can be solved appropriately

D. Protecting children from harm and from each other

B. Allowing natural and logical consequences to teach children what they need to know

Some of the effects of emotion coaching on children include:

A. Alleviation of the negative effects of divorce, except for sadness

B. Better math and reading scores

C. Better attachments with family and peers

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

A child comes home from school and has obviously been in a fight. The child has a black eye and is fuming. What would Thomas Gordon suggest?

A. The child owns the problem and the parent should engage in active listening

B. The parent owns the problem because she or he is more concerned than the child. The parent should investigate what happened through school officials before addressing the child

C. The parent owns the problem and the parent should engage the child with an I-statement

D. The child has handled the problem. It is not interfering with the parent's needs. There is no problem

A. The child owns the problem and the parent should engage in active listening

To provide a framework on which an integrative model might be built, Bitter suggests a framework that focuses on:

A. Forming a relationship and family assessment

B. Hypothesizing and shared meaning

C. Facilitating change

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

One way to find a foundation for integration in your work is to tape your first sessions and see what works for you and what doesn't. When you find a model or set of models as your foundation, you will:

A. Feel that model or those models to be "a good fit," like you have come home

B. Have a way of working with every possible family situation

C. Want to get each of the models presented in this book to work together

D. None of the above

A. Feel that model or those models to be "a good fit," like you have come home

Outcome research in the United States suggests that one thing more than any other accounts for change in individual and family therapy. What is it?

A. The internal characteristics and outside resources the client(s) bring(s) to therapy

B. The kind of relationship the therapist forms with client(s)

C. The techniques the therapist uses

D. The individual or family therapy model that the therapist chooses to use

C. The techniques the therapist uses

What personal quality most supports the forming of a therapeutic relationship with families?

A. A welcoming attitude and greeting each person

B. Cooperation with a co-therapist

C. Caring deeply about your clients

D. Presence

D. Presence

Conducting an assessment is not an objective process. Different approaches conduct different assessments, meaning:

A. The field has no evidence-based practices

B. What people listen for shapes what understanding they have of the family and the problem the family brings to therapy

C. Models must be integrated in order to develop a more factual analysis

D. Structural family therapists and narrative therapists, for example, ask the same questions but come to different conclusions

B. What people listen for shapes what understanding they have of the family and the problem the family brings to therapy

Which of the following lenses was part of the original six metaframeworks?

A. Internal family systems

B. Sequences

C. Gender

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What value do lenses have for a family therapist?

A. They allow family practitioners to consider multiple perspectives rather than be locked into a single viewpoint

B. In every family, each family member will need a different lens to fully understand and participate in their own system

C. Each lens will create a different language in which you can create a joint therapeutic action

D. Like putting on different glasses, one lens will help you see clearly while the other seven will only blur the picture

A. They allow family practitioners to consider multiple perspectives rather than be locked into a single viewpoint

Which of the following is true about lenses or metaframeworks?

A. They are recursive with each lens influencing and being influenced by the others

B. They can only be used in assessment

C. They can tell you how to design an intervention that will guarantee effectiveness

D.All of the above

A. They are recursive with each lens influencing and being influenced by the others

Internal family systems:

A. Is the relationship of body to mind to spirit

B. Are similar to cognitive mapping

C. Address parts that can become polarized and constrict individual functioning

D. Is Satir's Parts Party put into a wheel of influence that will later show up in therapy as triangulated parts

C. Address parts that can become polarized and constrict individual functioning

Teleology is about:

A. The purposes or goals for symptoms, interactions, or individual behaviors

B. Reframing bad intentions into workable behaviors

C. Telegraphing intent with body language before one even speaks

D. Understanding the effect family environment has had on the development of problems

A. The purposes or goals for symptoms, interactions, or individual behaviors