Heat and Temperature Stuff (Physics)

Temperature

average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance

Heat

energy transferred between objects due to a difference in temperature

units include Joules, caolires, BTU, Therms

Internal Energy

U; average potential and kinetic energy of particles

Thermal Equilibrium

when the temp of two interacting objects is identical because of heat transfer (warmer to cooler) when no extra heat is added

Conduction

mode of heat transfer; happens when two solids are touching; hand holding ice cube and causing it to melt (energy from warm hand to cold cube)

Convection

heat transfer; fluids expand and rise when heated; warm air rises, cold air falls

Radiation

when an object reduces its internal energy by emitting electromagnetic radiation; sunlight

Specific Heat

used when the object undergoes a temperature change; the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree celsuis

calorimetry is used to find it

required heat, mass, temp for formula

What does it mean when something has a high specific heat?

It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature (like the ocean)

Phases of Matter

solid liquid gas

Phase change definition

when substances change from one state to another

Solid to liquid

melting

liquid to solid

freezing

liquid to gas

evaporation

gas to liquid

condensation

Latent heat

energy required to change a substance’s phase

latent heat of fusion

energy needed to melt or freeze a substance; change from solid to liquid or reverse

latent heat of vaporization

liquids and gasses; energy required to evaporate or condensate

high or low latent heat?

high or low energy needed to phase change

Joule’s Apparatus

a machine that shows how mechanical energy and heat are connected; potential energy of masses becomes kinetic when the thing spins, getting converted into internal energy