A2 Phenol

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Last updated 3:37 AM on 9/1/26
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11 Terms

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Describe phenol

Aromatic compound with OH group attached to benzene ring

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How to prepare phenol

  • R: phenylamine, HNO2

  • C: temp 10

  • P: diazonium salt


Then decompose diazonium salt by warming → phenol forms


3
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Structure of phenol

Due to hydrogen bonding:

  • High mpt bpt

  • Slightly soluble in water


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Why is phenol less soluble compared to alcohol?

Due to presence of benzene ring which strengthens CO bond and weakens OH bond. This makes phenol more acidic

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Reaction of phenol with bases

  • R: NaOH

  • C: rtp


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Reaction of phenol with Na

  • R: Na

  • C: rtp


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Nitration of phenol

  • R: diluted/conc HNO3 for mono/tri

  • C: rtp


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Bromination of phenol

  • R: Br2

  • C: rtp


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Esterification of phenol

  • R: acyl chloride + NaOH


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Why is phenol more acidic compared to alcohol?

  • Oxygen lone pair delocalises over benzene ring

  • causing phenoxide ion to stabilise.

  • Electron density of phenoxide ion increases

  • so H+ is not strongly attracted to ion.

Therefore more H+ in solution.


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What makes alcohol less acidic than phenol?

  • EDG ethyl group causes O electron density to increase

  • causing phenoxide ion to combine to H+ more readily.


Therefore fewer H+ in solution.