Biology

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

What does “pro” and “karyon” from Prokaryotes mean ?

Pro = before

Karyon = kernel (referring to the nucleus)

Between eukaryotes and prokaryote, which is considered the simplest and most acient forms of life?

The prokaryote cells

Between eukaryote and prokaryote, which cells contains a nucleus and other membranous organells?

The eukaryotes cells

What does “Eu” mean in Eukaryotes?

Eu = true

Which domain does prokaryotic cells belong to?

Domain of Bacteria and Archaea

Which domain does eukaryotic cells belong to?

Domain of Eukarya, including animal cells, protists and fungus.

What is the membrane chemistry of Prokaryotic cells?

Fatty acids and non fatty acid lipid

What is the membrane chemistry of of Eukaryotic cells?

Fatty acids

What is the typical cell size of prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic = 1-10 mircometer

Eukaryotic = 10-100 micrometer

Since prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, where is their genetic material located?

Nucleoid region

Between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell, which one contains distinct nucleus?

The eukaryotic cell

What is the eukaryotic cell wall made of?

Cellulose (plant) or chitlin (fungi)

Between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotice cell, which cell wall is absent in animal cell but present in some protist?

Eukaryotic cells

What is the prominent component of eukaryotic cell membrane?

Sterols

What are the subgroups of sterols?

Cholesterol (animal cell), phytosterol (plant cell) and ergosterol (fungal cells)

What is the cell wall of Prokaryotic cell made of?

Peptidoglycan

A prokaryotic cell lacks sterol so what sterol-like lipid component do they have?

Hopanoid

Are organelles present in the eukaryotic cells?

Yes, a complete set of different membrane bound organelles and non membrane bound organelles.

Are organelles present in the prokaryotic cell?

No, most of these organelles are absent.

How many ribosomes do eukaryotic cells have and where are they located?

80s ribosome and located in the cytoplasm and various organelles like the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.

How many ribosomes do Prokaryotic cells have and where are they located?

70s ribosomes and are scattered around the cytoplasm

How many chromosomes do Eukaryotice cells and prokaryotic cells have?

Eukaryotic cells have more than one chromosome and prokaryotic cells have one chromosome

How many DNA does the eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosome have? Where are they located?

Eukaryotic cells = more than one linear DNA found in the nucleus

Prokaryotic cells = one closed circular DNA found in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm

How does the replication of DNA in eukaryotic cells works? Why does it take long?

DNA in eukaryotice cells are larger than prokaryotic cells so replication takes longer and only at a certain point of interphase (the S phase). It proceeds unidirectioanlly and have multiple points of origin.

How does the replication of DNA in Prokaryotic cells works?

DNA replication occurs bidirectionally and continously

What organism make up Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Unicellar or Multicellar organism for eukaryotic and strictly unicellar for prokaryotic.

What is the nominal size of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?

Eukaryotic cell= 10 to100 micrometer Diameter.

Prokaryotice cell= 0.1 to 5 micrometer diameter.

How do eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells reproduce?

Eukaryotic cells through mitosis and meiosis

Prokaryotic cells through Binary fission or spore propagation