2 - Manufacturing of Solid Dosage Forms

Proverbs 16:3

c. Diluent

Inert substance added to increase tablet size or fill the capsule body
a. Binder
b. Disintegrant
c. Diluent
d. Lubricant

e. a and b

• Filler

• Bulking Agent

Diluent is also known as ______

a. Filler

b. Bulking Agent

c. Talc

d. Disintegrant

e. a and b

c. Lactose

Most common diluent
a. Dextrose
b. Sucrose
c. Lactose
d. Starch

a. True

Lactose has no reaction with most drugs

a. True

b. False

• Monohydrate

• Anhydrous

• Spray-dried

Lactose is available as _____ [3]

a. Sweetener

Sucrose and Dextrose are used as ________
a. Sweetener
b. Preservative
c. Binder
d. Disintegrant

b. Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel®)

Diluent with:

• Good flow and very compressible

• Disintegrates rapidly in water
  
  

a. Starch
b. Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel®)
c. Dibasic Calcium Phosphate
d. Lactose

c. Starch

Diluent used as diluent, binder and disintegrant
a. Microcrystalline Cellulose
b. Dibasic Calcium Phosphate
c. Starch
d. Lactose

• Sta-Rx 1500®

• Cellutab®

Modified Starch brand names
a. Explotab®, Primojel®
b. Sta-Rx 1500®, Cellutab®
c. Avicel®, Emcocel®
d. Kollidon®, Povidone®

d. Dibasic Calcium Phosphate

Only inorganic salt used as diluent
a. Microcrystalline Cellulose
b. Starch
c. Lactose
d. Dibasic Calcium Phosphate

b. Mannitol and Xylitol

Diluent used in chewable tablets, with negative heat of solution
a. Sucrose and Dextrose
b. Mannitol and Xylitol
c. Lactose
d. Microcrystalline Cellulose

c. Binder

Imparts cohesiveness to powders causing them to from granules
a. Diluent
b. Lubricant
c. Binder
d. Disintegrant

• Soft granules

• Too much fines

• Inadequately hard tablets

Result of inadequate binder [3]

• Too hard granules

• Difficulty in screening

• Hampered disintegration & dissolution (↓ BA)

Result of too much binder [3]

c. Starch paste

Binder of choice for wet granulation
a. Acacia & Tragacanth
b. Gelatin
c. Starch paste
d. PVP

• Acacia

• Tragacanth

Natural gums used as binders
a. Cellulose Derivatives
b. Acacia & Tragacanth
c. Starch paste
d. Sucrose

a. Gelatin

Binder that is a protein substance
a. Gelatin
b. Sucrose
c. Starch paste
d. PVP

c. Sucrose

Binder that can be used as powder or syrup
a. Gelatin
b. PVP
c. Sucrose
d. Acacia & Tragacanth

• Methyl cellulose

• Ethyl cellulose

• Carboxymethyl cellulose

• Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose

Cellulose Derivative binders include _____ [4]

c. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)

Binder for chewable tablets
a. Starch paste
b. Gelatin
c. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
d. Sucrose

d. Disintegrant

Facilitates the breakup of a tablet when in contact with aqueous medium
a. Binder
b. Lubricant
c. Diluent
d. Disintegrant

a. External disintegrant

Type of disintegrant added prior to compression
a. External disintegrant
b. Superdisintegrant
c. Internal disintegrant
d. Effervescent disintegrant

d. Internal disintegrant

Type of disintegrant added prior to granulation
a. External disintegrant
b. Superdisintegrant
c. Effervescent disintegrant
d. Internal disintegrant

b. Release of gas

MOA of disintegrant exemplified by starch paste
a. Wicking
b. Release of gas
c. Swelling
d. Deformation

b. Wicking

MOA of disintegrant exemplified by Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)
a. Swelling
b. Wicking
c. Release of gas
d. Deformation

d. Release of gas

MOA of disintegrant exemplified by effervescent tablets
a. Wicking
b. Swelling
c. Deformation
d. Release of gas

c. Superdisintegrant

Newer class of disintegrants which are effective at much lower levels, hydroscopic
a. Binder
b. Diluent
c. Superdisintegrant
d. Lubricant

a. Hydroscopic

Superdisintegrant is _____
a. Hydroscopic
b. Hydrophobic
c. Hydrophilic
d. Lipophilic

c. Sodium Starch Glycolate

Superdisintegrant that is a cross link starch polymer
a. Crospovidone
b. Croscarmellose Na
c. Sodium Starch Glycolate
d. Microcrystalline Cellulose

• Explotab®

• Primojel®

Brand names of Sodium Starch Glycolate
a. Avicel®, Emcocel®
b. Sta-Rx 1500®, Cellutab®
c. Kollidon®, Plasdone®
d. Explotab®, Primojel®

c. Crospovidone

Superdisintegrant that is a cross link polyvinylpyrrolidone
a. Croscarmellose Na
b. Sodium Starch Glycolate
c. Crospovidone
d. Microcrystalline Cellulose

c. Croscarmellose Na

Superdisintegrant that is a cross link cellulose derivative
a. Sodium Starch Glycolate
b. Crospovidone
c. Croscarmellose Na
d. Starch paste

c. Antifrictional Agents (Flow Activators)

Fine powders added prior to compression to reduce friction and improve flow properties

a. Diluents
b. Binders
c. Antifrictional Agents (Flow Activators)
d. Disintegrants

a. Flow Activators

Antifrictional Agent is also known as ______
a. Flow Activators
b. Binders
c. Disintegrants
d. Lubricants

a. True

Antifrictional Agents (Flow Activators) are mostly HYDROPHOBIC and added at LOW concentration

a. True

b. False

c. Lubricant

Reduces friction between the tablet and die wall to facilitate ejection from die cavity
a. Antiadherent
b. Glidant
c. Lubricant
d. Binder

c. Glidant

Reduces friction among particles to enhance the flow
a. Antiadherent
b. Lubricant
c. Glidant
d. Binder

b. Stearates (Mg, Ca, Na)

Antifrictional agent that functions as lubricant, antiadherent and glidant
a. Colloidal Talc
b. Stearates (Mg, Ca, Na)
c. Colloidal SiO₂
d. Silicates

b. Purified Talc

Antifrictional agent that functions as lubricant and antiadherent
a. Colloidal Talc
b. Purified Talc
c. PEG and SLS
d. Silicates

c. Colloidal Talc

Antifrictional agent that functions as glidant, in colloidal form
a. Purified Talc
b. Stearates
c. Colloidal Talc
d. PEG and SLS

a. Glidant

Colloidal SiO₂ (Cab-O-Sil®) function as a _______

a. Glidant

b. Lubricant
c. Binder

d. Humectant

a. Glidant

Silicates (Ca and Mg) function as _______

a. Glidant

b. Lubricant
c. Binder

d. Humectant

c. Hydrophilic lubricants

PEG and SLS function as
a. Hydrophobic lubricants
b. Glidants
c. Hydrophilic lubricants
d. Antiadherents

b. Colorant

Disguises off-color drugs and improves appearance
a. Binder
b. Colorant
c. Diluent
d. Flavorant

a. Dyes

Synthetic organic colorants
a. Dyes

b. Lakes

b. Lakes

Dyes adsorbed on an inorganic oxide
a. Dyes

b. Lakes

a. Dyes

Water-soluble
a. Dyes

b. Lakes

b. Lakes

Water-insoluble
a. Dyes

b. Lakes

a. Dyes

Used in solution form
a. Dyes

b. Lakes

b. Lakes

Used in fine dispersion or suspension form
a. Dyes

b. Lakes

g. FD&C Blue No. 1

Brilliant Blue FCF
a. FD&C Yellow No. 6

b. FD&C Yellow No. 5

c. FD&C Red No. 40

d. FD&C Red No. 3

e. FD&C Green No. 3

f. FD&C Blue No. 2

g. FD&C Blue No. 1

f. FD&C Blue No. 2

Indigotin

a. FD&C Yellow No. 6

b. FD&C Yellow No. 5

c. FD&C Red No. 40

d. FD&C Red No. 3

e. FD&C Green No. 3

f. FD&C Blue No. 2

g. FD&C Blue No. 1

e. FD&C Green No. 3

Fast Green FCF

a. FD&C Yellow No. 6

b. FD&C Yellow No. 5

c. FD&C Red No. 40

d. FD&C Red No. 3

e. FD&C Green No. 3

f. FD&C Blue No. 2

g. FD&C Blue No. 1

d. FD&C Red No. 3

Erythrosine

a. FD&C Yellow No. 6

b. FD&C Yellow No. 5

c. FD&C Red No. 40

d. FD&C Red No. 3

e. FD&C Green No. 3

f. FD&C Blue No. 2

g. FD&C Blue No. 1

c. FD&C Red No. 40

Allura Red AC

a. FD&C Yellow No. 6

b. FD&C Yellow No. 5

c. FD&C Red No. 40

d. FD&C Red No. 3

e. FD&C Green No. 3

f. FD&C Blue No. 2

g. FD&C Blue No. 1

b. FD&C Yellow No. 5

Tartrazine

a. FD&C Yellow No. 6

b. FD&C Yellow No. 5

c. FD&C Red No. 40

d. FD&C Red No. 3

e. FD&C Green No. 3

f. FD&C Blue No. 2

g. FD&C Blue No. 1

a. FD&C Yellow No. 6

Sunset Yellow FCF

a. FD&C Yellow No. 6

b. FD&C Yellow No. 5

c. FD&C Red No. 40

d. FD&C Red No. 3

e. FD&C Green No. 3

f. FD&C Blue No. 2

g. FD&C Blue No. 1

g. Orange

Color of Sunset Yellow FCF (Yellow No. 6)

a. Blue

b. Indigo

c. Turquoise

d. Pink

e. Red

f. Yellow

g. Orange

f. Yellow

Color of Tartrazine (Yellow No. 5)

a. Blue

b. Indigo

c. Turquoise

d. Pink

e. Red

f. Yellow

g. Orange

e. Red

Color of Allura Red AC (Red No. 40)

a. Blue

b. Indigo

c. Turquoise

d. Pink

e. Red

f. Yellow

g. Orange

d. Pink

Color of Erythrosine (Red No. 3)

a. Blue

b. Indigo

c. Turquoise

d. Pink

e. Red

f. Yellow

g. Orange

c. Turquoise

Color of Fast Green FCF (Green No. 3)

a. Blue

b. Indigo

c. Turquoise

d. Pink

e. Red

f. Yellow

g. Orange

b. Indigo

Color of Indigotin (Blue No. 2)

a. Blue

b. Indigo

c. Turquoise

d. Pink

e. Red

f. Yellow

g. Orange

a. Blue

Color of Brilliant Blue FCF (Blue No. 1)

a. Blue

b. Indigo

c. Turquoise

d. Pink

e. Red

f. Yellow

g. Orange

b. Flavorant

Masks the unpleasant taste of the drug
a. Colorant
b. Flavorant
c. Diluent
d. Binder

c. Salty

Taste masked by cinnamon, orange cherry, butterscotch flavors
a. Bitter
b. Sour
c. Salty
d. Oily

b. Bitter

Taste masked by chocolate, cherry, raspberry, mint flavors
a. Salty
b. Bitter
c. Sour
d. Unpleasantly sweet

a. Sour

Taste masked by raspberry, lemon, fruity flavors
a. Sour
b. Salty
c. Oily
d. Bitter

c. Oily

Taste masked by mint, lemon, orange flavors
a. Bitter
b. Sour
c. Oily
d. Unpleasantly sweet

a. Unpleasantly sweet

Taste masked by vanilla, fruity flavors
a. Unpleasantly sweet
b. Bitter
c. Sour
d. Salty

b. Sweetener

Masks the unpleasant taste of the drug.
a. Colorant
b. Sweetener
c. Flavorant
d. Binder

• Sucrose

• Fructose

• Dextrose

• High-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS)

Nutritive Sweetener include _____ [4]

• Sugar Alcohols

  • Mannitol

  • Xylitol

  • Sorbitol

  • Erythritol

• Artificial Sweetener

  • Sucralose

  • Saccharin

  • Na Saccharin

  • Acesulfame K

  • Aspartame

  • Na cyclamate

Non-nutritive Sweetener include _____ [2]

• Mannitol

• Xylitol

• Sorbitol

• Erythritol

Sugar Alcohols include _____ [4]

• Sucralose

• Saccharin

• Na Saccharin

• Acesulfame K

• Aspartame

• Na cyclamate

Artificial Sweetener include ______ [6]

b. 1,000x

Sweetness factor of Sucralose
a. 500x
b. 1,000x
c. 300x
d. 180-200x

a. 500x

Sweetness factor of Saccharin
a. 500x
b. 1,000x
c. 300x
d. 30x

b. 300x

Sweetness factor of Na Saccharin
a. 1,000x
b. 300x
c. 500x
d. 180-200x

d. 180-200x

Sweetness factor of Acesulfame K
a. 300x
b. 500x
c. 30x
d. 180-200x

b. 180-200x

Sweetness factor of Aspartame
a. 500x
b. 180-200x
c. 1,000x
d. 30x

c. 30x

Sweetness factor of Na cyclamate
a. 180-200x
b. 300x
c. 30x
d. 500x