comps science final 1

hyperfunction of pituitary gland after ossification has been completed (after puberty) which causes enlargement and thickening of skull bones and facial features

Acromegaly

affects the adrenal glands (results when insufficient cortisol is produced). Bronze discoloration of the skin is characteristic

Addison’s Disease

a neoplasm formed by glandular epithelium. (a tumor in a gland)

Adenoma

a pre-senile dementia occurring usually in persons over 60 years of age; thought to be associated with neurofibril degeneration. (the degenerative nervous system disorder of unknown origin that destroys the neurons in the cortex or the brain)

Alzheimer’s Disease

a swelling or tumor due to dilatation of the blood vessels (hemangioma) or lymphatics (lymphangioma)

Angioma

the red pigment in the bile

Bilirubin

general term for a malignant tumor

Carcinoma

inflammation of the gallbladder

Cholecystitis

the common cold or rhinitis – (inflammation of the nasal passages) affects the respiratory system

Coryza

the condition of the heart being enlarged, occurring normally, artificially, or as a result of disease

Dilatation

abnormal development of tissue

Dysplasia

pus in the pleural cavity

Empyema

inflammation of the small intestine

Enteritis

increase in red blood cells

Erythrocytosis

an encapsulated tumor composed mainly of fibrous connective tissue. (other names include: fibroid, tumor, inoma)

Fibroma

Degeneration of brain tissue (seen in tertiary syphilis) An inflammatory condition related to the nervous system

General Paresis

(kidney inflammation) with pronounced lesions in the glomeruli. (May follow strep throat)

Glomerulonephritis

malignant tumor of nervous tissue

Glioma

a benign neoplasm found in blood vessels

Hemangioma

disease characterized by the appearance of great numbers of immature and abnormal white blood cells. (Cancer of the circulating white blood cells.)

Leukemia

abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood (the opposite of leukemia)

Leucopenia

a tumor composed of fatty tissue

Lipoma

malignancy of lymphoid tissue

Lymphoma

a malignant mole. (Likely to cause death)

Melanoma

replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there

Metaplasia

renal calculus or gravel (the formation of kidney stones).

Nephrolitiasis

diminished amount of urine production

Oliguria

a disease marked by softening of the bones due to faulty calcification in adulthood

Osteomalacia

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Osteomyelitis

a wart; an epithelial virus; a circumscribed overgrowth or hypertrophy of papillae – of a cutaneous or mucous surface

Papilloma

inflammation of a vein

Phlebitis

inflammation of the pleura of the lungs; pleuritis

Pleurisy

a highly contagious infectious disease of the spinal cord caused by a filterable virus

Poliomyelitis

a growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane

Polyp

condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin

Purpura

kidney stones

Renal calculi

usually follows a strep infection (strep throat) (can damage heart valves)

Rheumatic fever

Neoplasm of connective tissue. (Malignancy of non-epithelial tissue, includes tumors arising from connective tissue, bone, muscle, and cartilage.)

Sarcoma

abnormal constriction of a channel or orifice

Stenosis

disease caused Trichinella spiralis (a worm found in under cooked pork

Trichinosis

Malignant Neoplasms

1. Grow by infiltration 2. metastasize 3. can reoccur when surgically removed 4. cause extensive tissue damage 5. cause total body changes 6. tumor does NOT resemble tissue surrounding it 7. lethal unless treated

inflammation of the kidney

nephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli – usually follows a strep infection (strep throat)

glomerulonephritis

arteries and arterioles of the kidney become hardened and sclerotic

nephrosclerosis

the build-up of urine in the kidney pelvis as a result of an obstruction to the outflow of the urine

hydronephrosis

Which of the following refers to the mechanism that results in the manifestations of signs and symptoms in the body related to disease?

Pathogenesis

What are the three most common sites of injury for suicides involving a rifle?

The right temple, the forehead, and the chest

According to the rule of nines, what percentage of the body is burned if the burn covers the entire left arm?

9%

Having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal.

Fulminating

Which of the following refers to the cause of a disease?

etiology

A waxy, translucent, complex protein that resembles starch. A form of cellular degeneration present in diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.

Amyloid

A form of arthritis due to a metabolic disorder resulting in the depositing of uric acid in the joints.

Gout

Cheese-like. This necrosis is characterized by pink areas of necrotic tissue surrounded by inflammatory granules.

Caseous

Which of the following is a condition that results when a body part that dies had little blood, remains aseptic, and occurs when the arteries are obstructed?

ischemic necrosis

Which of the following refers to an increase in the number of cells in tissue?

hyperplasia

Which of the following refers to necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage, accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria?

moist gangrene

Congenital condition in which the proximal portions (near the point of attachment) of the limbs are poorly developed or absent.

Phocomelia

Abnormal protrusion of part of an organ through an opening in the wall that normally contains it

Hernia

Congenital defect in which part of the vertebral column is absent or undergoes incomplete closure.

Spina bifida

Which of the following refers to total color blindness?

achromatopsia

Which of the following is the most common, fatal genetic disease in the United States?

cystic fibrosis

Which of the following is the most common form of aplasia?

underdevelopment of the humerus

Which of the following is a genetic disease characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome?

trisomy 21

Which of the following is a condition in which the end of the scapula is underdeveloped, leading to shortening of the shoulder?

dentate glenoid anomaly

Which of the following refers to the absence of the proximal portion of a limb?

phocomelia

People with Down syndrome have how many chromosomes?

47

Which of the following often accompanies cystic fibrosis?

diabetes mellitus

An inflamed area of pus walled off by a membrane.

Abscess

Any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid debris

exudate

An abscess due to pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle.

furuncle

An open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue.

Ulcer

Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid.

Vesicle

Which of the following exudates contains blood?

hemorrhagic exudate

Which of the following are phagocytic cells that enter the site of injury within 3 to 4 days?

Macrophages

Which of the following refers to inflammation characterized by exudation of clear fluid with few cells?

Serous

Which of the following refers to several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues?

carbuncles

Which of the following refers to the termination of the inflammatory response with the affected part returning to its normal state?

resolution

Which of the following refers to the process in which cells engulf and destroy microorganisms, other foreign antigens, and cell debris?

Phagocytosis

Which of the following refers to the movement of additional white blood cells to an area of inflammation in response to the release of chemical mediators by neutrophils, monocytes, and injured tissue?

chemotaxis

Accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Ascites

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained.

exsanguination

A blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel or a cavity of the heart.

Thrombus

A mass of undissolved matter present in the bloodstream, these occlusions usually result in the development of infarcts.

Embolus

The spread of cancer from its primary site to a distant location in the body.

Metastasis

A sac within or on the body surface containing air or fluid.

cyst

An abnormal mass of tissue exhibiting excessive and uncontrolled multiplication of cells.

neoplasms

Which of the following refers to the spread of cancer to distant sites?

Metastasis

Which of the following is another name for a wart?

papilloma

Which of the following is a benign tumor?

lipoma

Which of the following tumors is found in blood vessels?

hemangiosarcoma

Which of the following is a fluid-filled sac that develops in the ovary and consists of one or more chambers?

ovarian cyst

Which of the following are benign tumors found on the lining of the intestinal tract, trachea, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or colon?

Polyps

Which of the following is the most common cancer of the urinary system?

transitional cell carcinoma

Which of the following disorders is caused by the premature rupture of red blood cells?

hemolytic anemia

Which of the following diseases is characterized by a significant decrease in the number of white blood cells?

Leucopenia

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic disorder caused by a decrease in the number of circulating blood platelets?

thrombocytopenic purpura

Which of the following is due to a lack of the blood clotting protein factor VIII?

hemophilia A

Which of the following diseases is believed to have evolved through a genetic alteration to protect the body against malaria?

sickle cell anemia

Increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood, but not to be confused with leukemia

Leukocytosis