Studied by 0 peopleThis book by Jacob Riis presented visual images of living conditions of the poor.
How the Other Half Lives
applied the concept of survival of the fittest to society; stronger people, businesses, and nations will prosper, while weaker ones will fail.
social darwinism
the idea that government should a keep "hands off" approach to government regulation
laissez-faire
2nd-4th generation American Immigrants;blamed immigrants for increases in crime, poverty, and taking jobs
nativists
Upton Sinclair's book that showed the filth of the meat packing industry; prompted investigation of the meatpacking industry
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
Progressive Era movement campaigned for by women who blamed alcohol for crime, poverty, and violence. Led to a rise in organized crime
Prohibition
Teddy Roosevelt's policy of breaking up trusts; he was known as the trust busting president
trust buster
introduced in 1913 by the 16th Amendment after President Wilson succeeded in reducing tariffs to make make for the lost revenue.
Graduated Income Tax
investigated jounralist who exposed corruption by writing about it
Muckrackers
led to reforms of safety measures, factory inspections, and sanitation standards in New York and in the entire nation
Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
believed that alcohol was responsible for crime, poverty, and violence against women
Prohibition Reformers
formed by President Roosevelt because he thought President Taft failed to continue his policies of progressive reform.
Bull Moose Party
formed by Roosevelt to help preserve national resources and control the use of the nations natural resources
US Forest and National Park Service
extending a country's power and influence, inspired by a sense of nationalism and a feeling of cultural superiority
Imperialism
triggered by the destruction of the USS Maine; due to yellow journalism, many Americans sympathized with the Cubans, as they saw Spain being an oppressive foreign power and related that to our conflicts we faced with the American Revolution and Britain.
Spanish American War
stated that the US will intervene in conflicts between European and Latin American countries, added to the Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary
United States naval battleships sent to exert influence on Japan to encourage them to open their ports to trade
Great White Fleet
led to the establishment of the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay
Platt Agreement
France, Great Britain, Russia
Allied Powers
action by Germany that violated the laws of neutrality
German U-Boats (submarines)
note from Germany proposing and alliance with Mexico
Zimmerman Note
killed nearly 700,000 Americans between 1918 and 1919
Influenza
passed by Congress in 1917 and made it illegal to print or publish disloyal criticism of the government
Sedition Act
proposed by Wilson in his 14 points to ensure another world conflict would not happen again by having all countries join and work together to resolve conflict
League of Nations
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire
Central Powers
Official US position in regard to the war in Europe in 1914 to stay out of the conflict, remaining isolated
Neutrality
British fleet's blockade of German ports and transportation routes prompted Germany to use U-Boats and attack all ships without issuing a warning.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Wilson's plan for a just and lasting global peace after WWI
Fourteen Points
used by General Pershing to transport forces and reduce the number of ships sunk and troops lost, by sending ships out in groups to provide protection.
Convoy System
The United States emerged as the economic world power at the end of WWI
Economic World Power
President Wilson wanted a treaty that stressed openness, fair trade, and fewer weapons but other leaders wanted to punish Germany for starting the war in hopes of peace and create a League of Nations.
Paris Peace Conference
belief that everyone should share equally in society's wealth; terrified American's after WWI as it is a direct threat to capitalism.
Communism
payments designed to make up for war damage; at the end of WWI the Treaty of Versailles demanded Germany pay reparations
reparations
controversial idea of Darwin
evolution
gave full voting rights to women, provided more opportunities for women
19th Amendment
main goal was to end discrimination against and mistreatment of African Americans throughout the United States
NAACP
led to a boom in different industries including the rubber, glass, steel; growth of cities; suburbs; urbanization.
Development of the automobile
African Americans moved from the South to the North
Great Migration
did not benefit from the boom economy of the 1920's, not as much food was needed following WWI
Farmers
allowed Congress to levy taxes based on an individual's income
16th Amendment
outlawed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the US
18th Amendment
during progressivism campaigned for 8-10 hour workdays, recognition of labor unions, and minimum wage
Labor Unions
policy of US to stay out of foreign conflicts, Senate returned to this policy when they decided not to join the League of Nations.
Isolationism
sensational writings used to exaggerate the truth for increased ratings or support. William Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer used this during the Cuban revolt.
Yellow Journalism
railroad workers, often immigrants, were treated poorly, endured harsh conditions, and frequent accidents.
Railroads
In 1887 Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act, making the railroads the first industry subject to Federal regulation.
Interstate Commerce Act
Campaigned for prohibition, end of child labor, and women's voting rights
Progressive Women Reformers
The idea that if you have what you need you should help others. Women of the Progressive Era opened settlement house to help educate, clothe, and teach immigrants to help them Americanize.
Social Gospel
Granted women the right to vote in 1920.
The 19th Amendment
This suffragists was arrested for "knowingly, wrongfully, and unlawfully" voting in 1872.
Susan B. Anthony
Nationalism and a sense of cultural superiority
Drives of US Imperialism
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism
MAIN causes of WWI
The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. This was known as the spark that starts WWI.
Archduke Franz-Ferdinand
A type of combat in WWI in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other. Led to a stalemate.
Trench Warfare
British passenger liner sunk by the Germans after they had signed the Sussex Pledge that said they wouldn't use unrestricted submarine warfare. Killed 128 Americans.
Lusitania
raised income taxes, sold war bonds, regulated industry, and printed propaganda.
To support war effort the government
During WWI Russia left the war, signing a peace treaty with the Axis Powers due to the Bolshevik revolt and overthrow of the government.
Russian Revolution
Wilson's plan for peace after WWI
Fourteen Points
Peace keeping organization proposed in Wilson's 14 points.
League of Nations
Made it illegal to print or publish disloyal criticism of the government.
Sedition Act
After WWI many Americas were tired of conserving and began to spend money. Regardless if they could afford the luxury items they were buying.
Consumerism
Two Italian born-American Immigrant Anarchists who were put on trial not only for robbery and murder, but also for their beliefs.
Sacco and Vanzetti
A new way of purchasing in the 1920's where you put a little down and then set up monthly payments to pay off purchase.
Installment Buying
The underground bars that developed during prohibition where people would go to illegally buy and consume alcohol.
Speakeasies
Two of the influential African American writers during the Harlem Renaissance that sought to fight prejudice and discrimination based on race.
Claude McKay, Langston Hughes
A new type of music that grew out of the Harlem Renaissance that blended several different musical forms from the deep south.
Jazz
Movement of African Americans from the south to north in an effort to find work and escape prejudice and discrimination in the south.
Great Migration
First woman to fiy across the Atlantic.
Amelia Earhart
Led to stock investors selling off or dumping their stocks
Concerns with the economy
Did not share in the boom economy like other groups
Farmers in the 1920's
The nickname of the date of the date of the stock market crash.
Black Tuesday
You put 10% down, then borrow the rest to purchase stocks in the stock market.
Buying on Margin
loose-knit communities of rustic shacks and tents during the Great Depression
Hoovervilles
The term used to describe the devastation of the Great Plains due to drought
Dust Bowl
first partnership between private business and the federal government; Hoover's attempt to create jobs during the Great Depression and spur the economy
Hoover Dam
Hoover's philosophy that the government should stay out of business and the lives of the people.
Dogged Survivalism
raised tariffs or import taxes, resulted in European countries raising their tariff or import taxes
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
new legislation guaranteed workers the right to form unions and collectively bargain
New Deal helps organized labor
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent, federal government agency responsible for protecting investors, maintaining fair and orderly functioning of securities markets, and facilitating capital formation. It was created by Congress in 1934 as the first federal regulator of securities markets.
Securities & Exchange Commission
an American sociologist and workers-rights advocate who served as the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, the longest serving in that position, and the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet
Frances Perkins
First part of FDR's New Deal. He closed the banks to allow time for Federal government to ensure they were sound before reopening. He wanted to stop back runs.
Bank Holiday
changed the role of first lady by playing an active role in the government for her husband, writing a column about her day, attacking social problems, and advocating for women's rights.
Eleanor Roosevelt
Huey Lang, Father Coughlin, and Dr. Townsend
Critics of the New Deal
the New Deal created more federal regulation of businesses and made the government more involved in peoples everyday lives
Relationship between the government and business
In order to raise demand and drive up prices the government paid farmers to not plant crops.
New Deal Farming Acts
Relief, Recovery, Reform
3 main goals of the New Deal
Created to restore peoples faith in banks
Emergency Banking Act
struck significant blows to the New Deal
Supreme Court
photographer of the Great Depression who took photos of the rural poor
Dorothea Lange
African Americans and Women were gaining increased opportunities
Leadership roles of Mary McCleod Bethune and Frances Perkins
President Roosevelt's misstep. Tried to pass legislation that would allow him to add 6 supreme court justices that would have helped him get his New Deal plans passed.
Court Packing Plan
The Japanese surprise attack on the United States. Caused the US to join the war.
Pearl Harbor
Served in large numbers in the U.S. armed forces and found employment in industrial jobs that had earlier been denied to them
African Americans in WWII
Peace treated that ended WWI. Many Germans were angry and resented this as they viewed it as too harsh.
Treaty of Versailles
Effectively played on public discontent and promised to revive German greatness
The Nazi Party
Crucial goal of Allied Powers. If you control these you control the movement of supplies and resources.
Control of Seas and Shipping Lanes
This was a crucial win as it changed the balance of power in the Pacific
Battle of Midway
Would fight to the death. American soldiers feared this more than anything else.
Japanese Fighters in WWII
final conference after WWII that divided Germany into four sectors
Potsdam Conference
this was marked by the death of Adolf Hitler
German surrender WWII
Note
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