exam 3 strength/conditioning

eccentric loading

component of plyometrics involving rapid pre-stretch of muscle

amortization

component of plyometrics involving a brief pause following eccentric loading

concentric

final component of plyometrics involving shortening of the muscle

strength shortening cycle 

describes both store of elastic energy and protective mechanism of muscle from proprioceptors 

GTO

muscle proprioceptors located in muscle-tendon junction

MS

muscle proprioceptors located in muscle

titan

protein within sarcomere responsible for passive muscular contractions in lengthened state

sarcomere

contractile component of mechanical model

GTO

series elastic component of mechanical model

mechanical model

made up of contractile, passive and series elastic components - stored energy of a stretched rubber band 

neurophysiological model

muscle proprioceptors communicate with spinal cord

• include stretch reflex of muscle spindle 

elastic energy stored, muscle spindles are stimulated

events of eccentric phase (quick pre stretch of muscle)

nerve synapse in spinal cord, signal sent to stretched muscles

events of amortization (short pause) phase

elastic energy released, stretched muscle stimulated by nerve

events of concentric phase (shortening of the muscle)

early off season 

plyometrics include lower intensity, higher volume and less specificity during 

late off season

higher intensity, lower volume, more specificity 

sport and position specific 

in a needs analysis for program development: biomechanical analysis of sport should be

strengths and weaknesses 

in a needs analysis for program development: should include ahtletes’ 

fundamental strength work

program development should establish a basic level of strength through

difficulty with skill, amortization 

in program development - match __ with _

• watch for __ phase

effort with full recovery

program development should emphasize max __ with _ _

aerobic conditioning purposes, go to failure 

in program development plyometrics should not be used for __

and should never

contact, counter movement, amortization, height, body weight 

factors that affect eccentric loading: points of __, speed of_,   time, __ of drill, _ of athletes

jump

take off and land on two feet- vertical 

leap

take off and land on two feet - horizontal

skip

take off and land on same foot before transitioning to opposite foot

bound

take off on one foot and land on opposite

hop

take off on one foot and land on same foot repeating the process 

low intensity

countermovement jump, box jump and double leg jump or leap are considered

moderate intensity

countermovement jump with tuck, box drop, and alternating bound are considered

high intensity

countermovement jump with pike, depth jump and single leg hop are considered 

speed

linear running velocity

change of direction

change in movement velocities, directions or modes

agility

includes a cognitive component to react to external stimuli

newtons 1st law (inertia)

an object at rest will remain at rest - object in motion continues in motion with same speed in same direction

newtons 2nd law (acceleration)

produced when a force acts on an object - both positive and negative

newtons 3rd law

every action has an equal and opposite reaction 

force

push/pull of one object on another - includes magnitude and direction

acceleration

change in velocity over time

rate of force development

ability to produce force in minimal time

impulse

sum of force produced in a set amount of time

momentum

a change in impulse results in a change in

late support/toe off, early support/contact

stride length measures how far the body displaces from __ phase to what phase

stride frequency

rate of foot contacts when running (stides/sec)

acceleration

__ focused = longer ground contact times

max velocity

__ focused = shorter ground contact times 

vertical force application

most important factor during sprint (RFD)

stride length

__ is superior in elite sprinters compared to other athletes

stance

force can only be applied during which phase of running