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Vocabulary flashcards covering rhetoric, literary terms, and MLA format.
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Rhetoric
The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.
Ethos (ethics)
Persuasion through the speaker’s or writer’s education, experience, trustworthiness, likability and motivation.
Pathos (sympathy/empathy)
Persuasion through emotional appeal.
Logos (Logic)
Persuasion through logic argument involving reasoning, facts, statistics, expert opinion, research/studies.
Rhetorical Question
A question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.
Parallelism
Using similar words, clauses, phrases, sentence structure, or other grammatical elements to emphasize similar ideas in a sentence.
Restatement
An act of stating the same idea in different words
Propaganda
Presenting one-sided information to promote an opinion.
Loaded Language/Emotive Language/ Emotional Appeal
Using strong, emotionally charged language; words with positive and negative associations to those words that draws attention to the point.
Denotation
The dictionary meaning of a word.
Connotation
The positive or negative charge that a word may have.
Context Clues
Hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words.
Author’s purpose
The author’s reason for writing, which can be to Persuade, Inform, or Entertain.
MLA Format
Guidelines for formatting academic papers, including font size, font type, spacing, margins, heading, header, citations and Works Cited page.
Parenthetical Citation
An in-text citation that follows a quote in the text/paragraph to give credit to the source, including the author’s last name and the page number.
MLA Heading
Your name, the teacher’s name, the class, & the date
Header
Is your last name a half inch down from the top of the page in the right corner with a sequential number for each page.
Titles
Titles of small writings (articles, short stories, poems, songs, speeches) are identified with “quotation marks” & titles of long writings (books, plays, newspapers) are underlined. Both small writings and longs writings can be italics.
Speaker
The character or narrator of the poem.
Stanza
A group of lines that are surrounded by extra spaces in a poem.
Rhyme Scheme
The pattern of rhyme in a poem as identified by lowercase letters.
External Rhyme
Is when words at the end of a line of a poetry rhyme.
Internal Rhyme
Is when words within a line of a poetry rhyme.
Exact Rhyme
Is when the vowel sounds and ending sounds match.
Slant Rhyme
Is a half rhyme or an approximate rhyme.
Imagery
Creating an image with sensory descriptions.
Tactile Imagery
Imagery that describes how something feels.
Olfactory Imagery
Imagery that describes how something smells.
Gustatory Imagery
Imagery that describes how something tastes.
Hyperbole
Exaggeration.
Personification
Giving human qualities to an object or an animal.
Metaphor
A comparison between two different things.
Extended Metaphor
A comparison between two different things that continues over multiple lines or sentences.
Simile
A comparison between two different things, containing the words “like” or “as.”
Dialect
A regional way of speaking.
Onomatopoeia
Words that sound like a sound.
Foreshadowing
Hints or clues as to what happens next.
Flashback
When a character remembers an event from an earlier time.
Dramatic Irony
When one or two characters and audience know something that the other characters do not.
Situational irony
Involves the result of a situation not matching with your expectations.
Verbal Irony
The speaker intends to be understood as meaning the opposite of the usual meaning of what the speaker’s actual words.
Situational irony
When the outcome is the opposite or completely different from what was expected.
Characterization
Learning information about a character through their thoughts, words, actions, how they treat others and how they are treated.
Mood
The feeling created/evoked in the reader by a text.
Tone
The author’s attitude toward the subject.
Point of view
The view in which the story is told: 1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person limited, and 3rd person omniscient.
Setting
Information about when and where the story takes place.
Conflict
The struggle between two opposing forces (Character vs. Character, Character vs. society, Character vs. nature, and Character vs. self).
Theme
The lesson the author wants the reader to learn.
Setting
The place or type of surroundings where a story is or an event takes place and the time period in which the story takes place.
Rising action
A series of incidents in a literary plot that build toward the climax.
Climax
The most exciting part of the story, and many times when the character makes an important decision.
Resolution
The solution to the conflict.