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115 Terms

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Ptah-Hotep
set forth guidelines for correct behavior of young men, constructed them on the art of public speaking
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Aspasia of Miletus
athenians learned public speaking from her
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Shannon and Weaver
source encodes message and transmits through channel where noise is present. the receiver will decode the message and give feedback
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Rhetoric
the art of using language effectively and persuasively
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Transactional Model of Communication
both senders and receivers exchange messages and feedback simultaneously
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civic engagement
individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern
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Different types of noise
external: lawn mower noise, vacuum cleaner noise aka distracting
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internal: physiological (growling stomach, headache)

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semantic: communication fails bc of the inability to understand due to linguistic or phonological problems

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declamation
type of elocution, recite a famous speech in front of the audience
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Fairness Doctrine
provision of copyright laws that allows the use of supporting material for educational purposes
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Demagoguery
speech that attempts to win over an audience through appealing to their prejudices and emotions, particularly those of fear, anger, and frustration
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Attitudinal Analysis
also known as psychographics, looking at human attitudes, beliefs, values, behaviors, and needs
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Culture
learned knowledge that comes through human socialization
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Values
fundamental factors of what is believed to be good or bad. very hard to change
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Ethocentrism
a person who thinks his or her culture is superior to others
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general purpose
the determination of the goal of the speech. to inform, to persuade, to entertain
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specific purpose
a precise declaration of what speakers aim to accomplish
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central idea
aka: thesis statement. expresses the agenda of the presentation
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common ground
the basis for mutual understanding between audiences and speakers
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Opinions
aka testimony. helps to enhance the credibility of the points in the presentation
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Analogies
comparisons of similarities between unlike things either using a metaphor or a simile
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Acquiring Attention
using unique statements, anecdotes, unconventional statements, statistics, and rhetorical questions
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Library of Congress Classification System
used mostly by academic libraries, classifies materials using broad categories using english alphabet and numbers
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Gazetteers
a geographical index or dictionary.
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URL
Uniform Resource Locator
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meta search engine
Sends request for information to several search engines simultaneously and compiles the results
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Advantages of websites
selling, informing, news outlet, entertaining, advocating, socializing
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Evaluation of websites
reliability, trustworthiness, timeliness, bias
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types of examples
brief, extended, hypothetical
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operation definition
shows the meaning by demonstrating how they work
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determining usefulness of statistics
reliability, accuracy, context, rounding off, visual presentation
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organizational patterns of organization
chronological, spatial, topical, compare and contrast, cause and effect, problem and solution, monroe's motivated sequence (MMS)
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delivery outline
using words and phrases, contains introduction, body topics and supporting details, and conclusions
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bibliography
A document showing all the sources used to research information.
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attention getters
acts as bait to hook the attention and imagination of the audience
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transitions
helps the flow of your speech, first, next, in addition, to conclude
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internal summary
help listeners recollect the points and messages that have previously been made to them
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problem and solution organizational pattern
presentation of the problems and their solutions
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Monroe's Motivated Sequence (MMS)
a five-step organizational pattern
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1. attention

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2.need

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3.satisfaction

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4.visualization

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5.action

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cliche
a worn-out idea or overused expression
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Jargon
vocabulary distinctive to a particular group of people
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modification of position in conclusion
do not change your view once you get to conclusion ex: if you are for being an organ donor, don't conclude by saying don't be an organ donor
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advantages of using presentation aids
increases understanding, increases retention, creates excitement, emphasizes ideas, enhances credibility, allows for gestures, allows combination of other sensory with sounds
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Handouts
typically useful for laying out the main points/you need to make enough copies, call for volunteers, hand them out after presentation, make them look nice,
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charts
Visual representations of numerical data
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Graphs
relatively simple formats for visually displaying relationships among and between a series of measurements and relevant variables-help people make sense of of quantitative information
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people
most exciting visual aid
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creative commons (CC)
A nonprofit organization dedicated to the free distribution of creative content
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serif fonts
slight curls or lines at the top and bottom of the letter ex: times new roman
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Mashups
combining different content from multiple sources
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Dialect
a form of language spoken by people in a particular region or group
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manuscript
a handwritten or typed piece of writing, such as a book
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memorized
learned by heart
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extemporaneous
made or delivered on the spur of the moment
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pronunciation
the accepted standard of how a word sounds when spoken
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Articulation
the clear and precise pronunciation of words
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barriers to good listening
Passive listening, drifting thoughts, physical distractions, trigger words, self-fulfilling prophecies
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receiver apprehension
The fear of misunderstanding or misinterpreting the spoken messages of others
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action-oriented listeners
focus on the ultimate point the speaker is trying to make
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content-oriented listeners
carefully evaluate what they hear
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time-oriented listeners
prefer information that is clear and to the point
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people-oriented listeners
view listening as an opportunity to establish commonalities between themselves and others
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attitudes, beliefs, values
terms commonly used when discussing the audience for media products and the factors influencing the reception of media messages.
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two-dimensional presentation aid
Pictures, Diagrams etc.
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Pie/line/picture graph
Graphs showing information
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small group communication
communication occurring within small groups of three or more people with common purposes
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Team in small groups
A team with three or four people
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Leadership
The action of leading a group of people or an organization
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consensus
general agreement
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authoritarian leader
an individual who leads by giving orders
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transformational leaders
leaders who inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals
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laizzes faire leaders
Leaders who don't interfere
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democratic leader
an individual who leads by trying to reach a consensus
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agenda
Plan of action; purpose
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acommodation
adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information
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fact
A statement that can be proved.
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Social Judgement Theory
perception and evaluation of an idea by comparing it with current attitudes
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lattitude of acceptance
The more you care about something, the more narrow this is.
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lattitude of rejection
the range of ideas that a person sees as unreasonable or objectionable
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lattitude of noncommitment
The positions which are neither accepted nor rejected
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inductive and deductive reasoning
inductive: specific to general
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deductive: general to specific

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Falacy
a false notion or mistaken belief
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either/or fallacy
oversimplifying an issue as offering only two choices
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Fallacy: Ad Hominem
Attack on the user instead of the argument
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bandwagon fallacy
suggesting that because everyone believes something or does something, it must be valid, accurate, or effective
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fallacy of hasty generalization
a generalization based on a sample that is too small to support it
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Ethos
credibility
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Logos
Appeal to logic
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Pathos
Appeal to emotion
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Irony
A contrast between expectation and reality
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demagogue
a leader who appeals to citizens' emotions to obtain power
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cause and effect
The reason something happens and the result of it happening.
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Refutation in persuasive speaking
You should persuade instead of prove