AP US Government Reading Guide 2.2 Vocabulary

Separation of powers

A constitutional division of responsibilities among governmental branches so that one branch would not get too powerful or preside over the others.

Checks and balances

A system where each branch of government holds specific powers to prevent another branch from becoming too powerful.

Federalism

The sharing of power between the federal government and state governments.

Expressed or enumerated powers

Powers explicitly granted to Congress in the Constitution, such as borrowing money, collecting taxes, and regulating commerce with foreign nations and among several states.

Elastic clause

Also known as the Necessary and proper clause, it empowers Congress to make laws that go beyond what is explicitly expressed in the Constitution.

Implied powers

Governmental powers that extend beyond the expressed powers explicitly listed in the Constitution.

Veto

The power of the president to reject legislation passed by Congress.

Electoral College

The official body that elects the president of the United States to a 4-year term.

Supremacy clause

A constitutional provision establishing that national treaties and laws are the supreme law of the land, giving federal courts authority over state courts.

Judicial review

The power of the Supreme Court to overturn a law or executive action.

Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution, often wealthy merchants and southern plantation owners, who believed a large republic would control factions and protect rights.

Anti-Federalists

Believed in power with the states and that there would be tyranny of the minority with the Constitution (Brutus)