Empowerment Technology – 1st Quarter / 1st Semester

Vocabulary flashcards covering key ICT evolution periods, cybersecurity terms, Microsoft Word concepts, and design principles discussed in the lecture notes.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

The collective term for technologies that facilitate the access, processing, storage, and communication of information.

Pre-mechanical Period (3000 BCE – 1450)

Early era of ICT marked by communication via words and pictograms carved in rocks and the invention of the abacus.

Mechanical Period (1450 – 1840)

ICT era featuring purely mechanical devices such as the Pascaline and Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine.

Pascaline

A mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal during the Mechanical Period.

Analytical Engine

Charles Babbage’s first programmable mechanical computer; earned him the title “Father of Computers.”

Electromechanical Period (1840 – 1940)

Era in which electrical components merged with mechanical devices; saw the invention of the telegraph and telephone.

Telegraph

The first electrical communications device, invented by Cooke & Wheatstone and Samuel Morse.

Telephone

Voice-communication device invented during the Electromechanical Period, allowing real-time speech across distances.

Electronic Period (1940 – present)

ICT era characterized by fully electronic devices such as ENIAC and the integrated circuit (IC).

ENIAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer; the first general-purpose electronic computer.

Integrated Circuit (IC)

A miniaturized electronic circuit etched onto a semiconductor, revolutionizing computer design.

ICT Hub of Asia

Nickname given to the Philippines due to its strong ICT industry and high mobile-phone penetration.

World Wide Web (WWW)

A system of interlinked hypertext documents created by Tim Berners-Lee.

Web 1.0

“Read-only” web where users can only view static content created by site owners.

Web 2.0

“Read-write” web enabling users to interact with content and contribute (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, YouTube).

Web 3.0

Emerging “executable” web that processes user requests to deliver intelligent solutions; still developing.

Online Safety

Practices and precautions taken to protect users, devices, and personal data while using the internet.

Phishing

Fraudulent emails masquerading as legitimate sources to trick users into revealing sensitive data.

Pharming

Redirecting users to fake websites by manipulating DNS settings to harvest login credentials.

Internet Scam

Deceptive online scheme intended to defraud users of money or property through false promises.

Internet Bots

Networks of compromised computers (zombies) controlled to perform large-scale malicious acts; countered with CAPTCHA.

Malware

Umbrella term for malicious software such as spyware and adware that installs without user consent.

Virus

Self-replicating program that attaches to legitimate files or programs to spread and damage systems.

Worm

Standalone malware that replicates across networks without attaching to files, often via email or USB.

Trojan Horse

Malware disguised as legitimate software to trick users into installation; commonly called a “Trojan.”

ILOVEYOU Virus

Famous 2000 computer worm from the Philippines that infected 10 million PCs via an email attachment.

Computer Bug

An error causing a system malfunction; term originated from a moth found in the Mark II computer by Grace Hopper.

Cyber Stalking

Harassing or intimidating someone online through persistent unwanted contact or monitoring.

Cyber Bullying

Tormenting, threatening, or embarrassing a person via internet or digital devices.

Spam

Unsolicited bulk email or messages that can be annoying or harmful if interacted with.

Spoofing

Impersonation of a person or organization online to steal information or spread malware.

Computer Ethics

Standards guiding computing professionals in making socially and professionally responsible decisions.