Chapter 9: Hematopoietic System

What is the function of the hematopoietic system?

- Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, salts, and hormone cells

- Blood carries away waste (CO2)

- Fights infection, toxic substances, and foreign antigens (WBC)

Where are red blood cells produced?

Red bone marrow

Where is red bone marrow located?

Vertebrae, proximal femur, and flat bones

What is the technical name for red blood cells?

Erythrocytes

What is the shape of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

Biconcave discs that provide greater surface space

What is the function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)? ?

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

What is unique about erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

- They have no nucleus

- These cells cannot repair themselves (120 day lifespan)

Transverse, radiolucent bands appear at the metaphyseal ends of the long bones in which condition?

Leukemia

What are the 5 types of leukocytes?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

What is the function of neutrophils?

Respond to infection and attack bacteria

Which leukocyte is the 1st type of immune cell to respond to site of infection?

Neutrophils

Which are the most common type of leukocytes found in the body?

Neutrophils

What is the function of eosinophils?

Protect the body by killing bacteria and parasites

Which leukocyte relates to food allergies?

Eosinophils

Where is the highest number of eosinophils located?

GI tract

What is the function of basophils?

Responsible for response to seasonal allergies

Which leukocyte contain anticoagulant heparin that prevents blood clotting too quickly?

Basophils

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Protect body against infection

What are 2 types of lymphocytes?

B-cells and T-cells

What is the function of monocytes?

Develop into macrophages that consume foreign material (alert the T-cells to the presence of foreign material)

Which type of blood cells are responsible for the clotting of blood?

Platelets

Which condition does spherocytosis lead to?

Splenomegaly

What is the most common form of anemia?

Iron deficiency anemia

What form of anemia occurs when the bone marrow is unable to replace the RBCs that are being destroyed?

Hemolytic anemia

What causes hemolytic anemia?

Body thinks RBCs are foreign substances that attack them causing a shorter life cycle

What are the 4 types of hemolytic anemia?

- Spherocytosis

- Sickle cell

- Thalassemia

- Erythroblastosis fetalis

Describe Spherocytosis:

RBC is spherical instead of concave = more fragile

Describe sickle cell:

Abnormal hemoglobin causes change in shape of the RBC (crescent shape) = more fragile and cell gets stuck causing an obstruction in blood vessels

Describe thalassemia:

Abnormal hemoglobin causes excessive destruction of WBC

Describe erythroblastosis fetalis:

Caused by Rh- and Rh+ antigens in blood causes danger to future pregnancies

What radiographic appearance is caused by thalassemia?

Hair-on-end

What condition is caused by overproduction of red blood cells leading to increased blood volume and thickness?

Polycythemia

Which form of lymphoma is most common?

non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

How is non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated?

Bone marrow transplant

What disease is caused by Epstein-Barr virus?

Infectious mononucleosis

What is the bleeding disorder that causes blood to take a long time to clot?

Hemophilia

Which gender is most susceptible to hemophilia?

Males

What condition results from an abnormally low amount of platelets?

Purpura (thrombocytopenia)

What is the function of the spleen?

To filter and remove old and dying red blood cells