Human Nervous System, Heredity, and Evolutionary Psychology Overview

What does the central nervous system consist of?

The brain and spinal cord

What is the role of the peripheral nervous system?

It carries signals between the CNS and the rest of the body, connecting the brain and spinal cord to muscles, organs, and glands.

What are the two key parts of the peripheral nervous system?

The autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system.

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Involuntary processes like heartbeat and digestion.

What are the two components of the autonomic nervous system?

The sympathetic system (activates fight or flight) and the parasympathetic system (calms the body).

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Voluntary muscle movements.

How do the somatic and autonomic systems work together?

They operate simultaneously to maintain internal balance and respond to the environment.

What is heredity?

The passing down of genetic information from parents to offspring.

How can genes influence behavior?

They can influence behavioral tendencies such as aggression, shyness, and certain talents.

Does heredity guarantee certain traits?

No, it increases the likelihood of certain traits.

What role do environmental factors play in shaping traits?

They interact with genetic makeup to fully shape traits and behaviors.

What do adoption studies suggest about personality?

Children's personalities tend to reflect their biological parents rather than their adopted parents.

What do identical twin studies reveal about personality?

They show large similarities in personality compared to fraternal twins.

What role do hormones play in behavior?

Hormones, particularly sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen, significantly influence behavior.

What is the correlation between testosterone and aggression?

Higher testosterone levels are associated with higher rates of aggression.

What do environmental factors encompass?

All external influences, including family interactions, education quality, culture, and socioeconomic status.

How can exposure to substances during development affect us?

It can impact gene expression and brain/nervous system development.

What is Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Traits that allow populations to reproduce and survive are passed on to subsequent generations.

What role does oxytocin play after birth?

It promotes bonding between mother and child.

What drives the need for social connection?

The drive to reproduce and protect children, along with the need for social contracts with peers.

What controversial practices have been influenced by evolutionary perspectives?

Eugenic practices have been implemented based on evolutionary perspectives.