Unit test for History

The followers of which intellectual movement believed all problems could be solved with reason?

The Enlightenment

What was the main purpose of the Navigation Acts?

To enforce mercantilism and control colonial trade

Which colonial region relied most heavily on plantations and cash crops such as tobacco and rice?  

Southern Colonies

What role did town meetings play in New England colonies?

They provided a forum for colonists to decide local issues

Who was the Wampanoag leader who led the fight in King Philip’s War? 

Metacomet

Why did most Native Americans side with the French during the French and Indian War?  

The French were not interested in taking Native land

What was the significance of Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union?  

It proposed a united defense, but colonies rejected it

 

Which of the following was a result of the Treaty of Paris (1763)? 

Britain gained Canada and lands east of the Mississippi River

Why did Britain issue the Proclamation of 1763?

To prevent conflict between colonists and Native Americans

What slogan summarized colonists’ opposition to new British taxes?  

“No taxation without representation”

Which event involved colonists disguising themselves as Native Americans and destroying British goods?  

Boston Tea Party

What was the purpose of the Intolerable Acts?

To punish Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party

“Parliament and the Crown take from any man any part of his property, without his consent in person or by representation.”

Colonists had the same rights as Englishmen to consent to taxes

How did Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston Massacre affect colonial opinion?  

It was used as propaganda to fuel anti-British sentiment

Which of the following best summarizes the main principles of the Declaration of Independence?  

Natural rights, government by consent, and the right to overthrow tyranny

What was one of the government influences from the Enlightenment that impacted the formation of the U.S. government?

The idea of a social contract between political rulers and the people

 Under the Articles of Confederation, which of the following was the single branch of the national government?  

congress

What was one of the key weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? 

It had no power to tax anyone

What was a consequence of states printing large amounts of paper money under the Articles of Confederation?  

Inflation, where prices increased and the value of money decreased

  How did Shays' Rebellion test the strength of the new national government?  

It highlighted the weaknesses of the Confederation government

Which of the following was a reason the Antifederalists opposed the Constitution?  

The Constitution did not have a section that guaranteed individual rights.

  What was the basic principle of the Great Compromise?

To establish a two-house legislature with the Senate having two representatives per state and the House of Representatives based on population.

What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

To support the Constitution and defend its principles

Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? 

Because many states refused to ratify the Constitution without a guarantee of individual rights.

  Which statement best explains why the national government was weaker than individual states under the Articles of Confederation?  

The states held most of the power and the national government had limited abilities, such as no executive or judicial branch and no power to tax.

  According to the principle of separation of powers, which Enlightenment thinker was an influence?

Baron de Montesquieu

The Commerce Compromise allowed Congress to do what?

Levy tariffs on imports but not exports

What was a major problem the new nation faced with Spain?

Spain closed the lower Mississippi River to U.S. shipping.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established a process for new territories to become states. What was the population requirement for a territory to write a state constitution and ask to join the Union?  

60,000 free inhabitants

What significant change was made to suffrage after the British rule?

Many state constitutions expanded the right to vote to white men who paid taxes.

What expanded voting rights during Jackson’s presidency?

White men without property

  What was the Tariff of Abominations?

A high tariff on imports disliked by Southerners

Who wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest?

John C. Calhoun

What issue was at the center of the Nullification Crisis?  

Native American removal

The Whig Party was created by a merger of:

National Republicans and Anti-Masons

What case ruled that Georgia had no authority over Cherokee lands? 

Worcester v. Georgia

Who became president after Jackson but faced the Panic of 1837?  

Martin Van Buren

Which reformer improved treatment of the mentally ill?

Dortha Dix

What was the main goal of the American Colonization Society?

To send free African Americans to Africa

Who published The Liberator?

William Lloyd Garrison

Who founded the AME Church?

Richard Allen

What was the outcome of the Seneca Falls Convention?

Declaration of Sentiments

Who negotiated the Louisiana Purchase for the U.S.?

Robert Livingston & James Monroe

How much did the Louisiana Purchase cost? 

$15 million

Who served as guide for Lewis and Clark? 

Sacagawea

What treaty gave Florida to the U.S.?

Adams-Onís Treaty

What limited naval power on the Great Lakes?

Rush-Bagot Agreement

What canal connected Albany to Buffalo in 1825?

Erie Canal

What was the main purpose of the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?

Keep Europe from colonizing Latin America

Which was a key part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

Missouri entered as a slave state, Maine as a free state

What did the Missouri Compromise ban?

Slavery north of the 36°30’ line

How did the U.S. respond differently to revolutions in Latin America vs. Haiti?  

The U.S. supported Latin American revolutions but avoided supporting Haiti

  How did the Haitian Revolution relate to the French Revolution?  

It reflected the stages of the French Revolution, influenced by racial and class divisions in Saint-Domingue.

Who was the leader of the Haitian Revolution who organized slaves into a disciplined army and defeated both British and French forces?  

Toussaint L’Ouverture

What was a major accomplishment of Toussaint L’Ouverture during the Haitian Revolution?  

He formed a disciplined army from illiterate slaves and defeated both British and Napoleon’s troops.

What did the Wilmot Proviso propose?

To outlaw slavery in land won from Mexico

Why was the free-soil party formed in 1848?

To prevent the spread of slavery into Western Territories 

Which was one key provision of the Compromise of 1850?

Congress would admit California as a free state.

How did Northerners react to the Fugitive Slave Act

They resisted it by passing personal liberty laws

What message did Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel convey?

Slavery was cruel and immoral system

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act change the Missouri compromise?

It allowed popular sovereignty in territories previously closed to slavery

why did violence erupt in Kansas during the 1850’s?

Rival governments and settlers clashed over slavery

What role did John Brown play in “Bleeding Kansas?

He led violent raids against pro-slavery settlers

The Republican Party of the 1850s was founded mainly to?

Stop the spread of slavery into new territories

What did the Supreme court decide in Dred scott v. Stanford?

African Americans could not be citizens

How did Chief Justice Roger Taney describe African Americans?

As property with no rights whites were bound to respect

What was John Browns goal at Harper’s Ferry in 1859?

To incite an armed slave uprising 

Which state was the first to secede from the Union in 1860?

South Carolina 

Who became president of the Confederate States of America?

Jefferson Davis

Why was Fort Sunter signifigant in 1861?

Confederate forces attacked it, starting civil war

What was one major advantage of the South during the Civil War

Experienced military leadership

What was one key advantage of the North during the Civil war?

Greater industrial capacity

Why did Robrt E. Lee decline Lincoln’s offer to command the Union Army?

He felt loyalty to his home state of Virginia.

What was the goal of the Unions Anaconda Plan?

To blockade Southern ports and control the Mississippi River.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation declare in 1863?

Enslaved people in confederate states were free

Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the Civil War? 

It stopped Lee’s invasion of the North

What strategy did General Sherman use in his campaign through Georgia?  

Total war destruction of resources

What did the 13th Amendment to the Constitution accomplish?

Abolished slavery throughout the United States